Multimedia Learning

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Multimedia Learning

• Chapter 2Multimedia Instructional Messages

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What are Multimedia Instructional Messages?(1/2)

• The definition of multimedia instructional
  messages
• Message communications or presentations
  involving a teacher and learner.
• Instructional the purpose is to promote
  learning.
• Multimedia presented using both words and
  pictures.

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What are Multimedia Instructional Messages?(2/2)

• Give 3 examples
• How lightning storms develop
• How car breaking system work
• How bicycle tire pumps work
• 3 explanations
• The conventional way
• Book-based multimedia instructional message
• Computer-based multimedia instructional message
• Retention tests and transfer tests

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How lightning storms develop(1/6)

• In encyclopedia
• only illustration.
• Many people read carefully but still may not
  understand the passage.
• Students typically can remember fewer than half
  of the main steps in lightning storms, also can
  not generate many useful solutions.
• Time-honored traditional method for presenting
  instructional messages does not seem to work so
  well.

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How lightning storms develop(2/6)

• Book based environment
• Integrated printed text and illustration.
• Annotated illustrations.
• Depicting a key step in lighting formation
• Along with corresponding text segments
• The text captions also focus mainly on the
  essential elements.
• Based from the Levin and Mayers(1993) analysis
  of illustrations in text

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How lightning storms develop(3/6)

• analysis of illustrations in text
• Concentrated the key ideas are highlighted in
  both.
• Concise extraneous descriptions and visual
  features are minimized.
• Correspondent illustrations and text segments
  are presented near each other on the page.
• Concrete the text and illustrations are
  presented in ways that allow for easy
  visulization.

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How lightning storms develop(4/6)

• analysis of illustrations in text (cont.)
• Coherent the presented material has a clear
  structure.
• Comprehensible should presented in ways that are
  familiar and allow the learner to apply relevant
  past experience.
• Codable key terms and key features are used
  consistently and in ways that make them more
  memorable.

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How lightning storms develop(5/6)

• Computer based environment
• Narrated animation
• The animation is adapted from the line drawings
  used in the illustrations, and the narration is a
  shortened version of the text.
• The animation and narration focus on a few
  essential elements and events.

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How lightning storms develop(6/6)

• Retention test
• remember what was presented.
• Transfer test
• Redesign question, troubleshooting question,
  prediction question, conceptual question.
• Answer key, listing the acceptable answers for
  each question.

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How breaks works(1/4)

• In encyclopedia
• Add underling.
• Students remember less than 20 of the underlined
  material and may not answer transfer questions.
• People have some difficulty in learning and
  understanding explanations that are presented in
  words alone.

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How breaks works(2/4)

• Book based environment
• Use words and illustrations to explain how car
  brakes work.
• The illustration shows tow frames depicting the
  braking system before/after the driver steps on
  the brake pedal.

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How breaks works(3/4)

• Computer base environment
• Computer-based medium consisting of animation and
  narration.
• The presentation lasts about 30 seconds and
  focuses only on the essential steps in the
  process.

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How breaks works(4/4)

• Retention test
• the main ideas of explaining how car brakes work.
• Answer does not need to have the exact wording to
  be counted as correct
• Transfer test
• Conceptual question, redesign question,
  troubleshooting question, and prediction
  question.
• Make a list of acceptable answers.

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How pumps works(1/4)

• In encyclopedia
• Underlined the portion that explains the steps in
  the operation of a bicycle tire pump.
• In retention test, just like car brakes case.
• In transfer test, they general fail to produce
  any more answers than students who do not read
  the passage.

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How pumps works(2/4)

• Book based environment
• Uses print text and illustrations to explain how
  pumps work.
• It consists of words that describe the steps in
  how a pump works and pictures that depict the
  step.
• The word in the annotated illustrations are taken
  from the text passage.

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How pumps works(3/4)

• Computer based environment
• Uses animation and narration to explain how pumps
  work.
• Narrated animation.
• The narration is modified slightly from the
  annotated illustrations.
• The entire presentation lasts about 30 seconds.

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How pumps works(4/4)

• Retention test
• Write down about hoe pumps work.
• 5 minutes for narrated illustration,10 minutes
  for annotated illustration.
• Transfer test
• Redesign question, troubleshooting question,
  uncover an underlying principle.
• Acceptable answers.

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Conclusion

• What is in common?
• Message communication to a learner.
• Instructional the purpose of communication is to
  foster learning.
• Multimedia the communication is presented using
  both words and pictures.
• For book based, words are in the form of printed
  text and pictures are in the form of the
  illustrations.
• For computer base, the words are in the form of
  narration and the pictures are in the form of
  animation.