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Multi Agent Coordination and Planning

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Dayton, OH 45435. www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox. 16apr00. Cox MAICS-2000. Overview ... Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is the study, construction, and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Multi Agent Coordination and Planning


1
Multi Agent Coordination and Planning
  • Michael T. Cox
  • Computer Science Engineering Department
  • Wright State University
  • Dayton, OH 45435
  • www.cs.wright.edu/mcox

2
Overview
  • Agents, DAI, and Planning
  • Coordination and Negotiation
  • Goal Transformations Planning
  • Agent-Based Mixed-Initiative Planning
  • Conclusion

3
Agents
  • PAGE Characterization
  • Perception, Action, Goals, Environment
  • Knowledge Representations
  • Autonomy and Specialization
  • Cognitive Agents
  • Social Agents

4
Distributed Artificial Intelligence
  • Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is the
    study, construction, and application of systems
    in which several interacting, intelligent agents
    pursue some set of goals

5
Two Types of DAI Systems
  • Multiagent Systems
  • Several agents coordinate their knowledge and
    activities by reasoning about the problem solving
    process
  • Distributed Problem Solving
  • A particular problem is solved by dividing tasks
    among a number of generally equivalent nodes who
    divide and share knowledge about the problem

6
Planning
  • Search through Space of Plan Solutions
  • Initial State, I, and Goal State, G
  • Operator Representations for Actions
  • Preconditions
  • Effects
  • Variable Bindings
  • Plan as Sequence of Operators from I to G

7
PlanGoal Tree
8
Critical Issues
  • How to enable agents to decompose their tasks and
    goals (and allocate sub-goals and sub-tasks to
    other agents) and synthesize partial results
  • How to enable agents to represent and reason
    about the actions, plans, and knowledge of other
    agents in order to interact with them

9
Communication Coordination
  • To be effective, multiple agents must coordinate
    and communicate to achieve their goals
  • Given goal differences negotiation is a strategy
    for collaborative agents

10
Negotiation
  • A process by which a joint decision is reached by
    2 agents, each trying to reach in individual
    goal
  • Goal shifts until close enough for agreement

11
Negotiation Protocol
12
Planning as Search
S1
G1
I
S2
G2
G
S3
13
Goal Transformation as Movement in a Goal Space
  • Over Predicate Abstraction Hierarchy
  • Over Argument Abstraction Hierarchy
  • Over Argument Component Hierarchy
  • Partonomy
  • Over Argument Values
  • Enumerated or Numerical

14
The Bridges Problem
  • Each river has three bridges
  • Plane destroy 1 bridge damage others
  • Operationalize Goal of River Impassable
  • Operationalize Reduced Transp. Capacity
  • Quantify Damage (50 reduction) and Destruction
    (100 reduction)

15
R1
R2
16
Cost/Benefit Analysis
  • Requesting Agents Benefit is Value of Achieving
    Goal less Value of Achieving (Trans (Goal))
  • Requesting Agents Cost is Value of the Servicing
    Agents Loss

17
Utility Calculation
  • Given
  • Transformation Factor F
  • Goal Priorities P1 P2
  • Num Bridges B1 B2
  • Num Resources R1 R2
  • P1(100B1-R1 (100-F)-P2(B2- R2(100-F)))

18
Goal Transformation Decision
19
R1
G2
  • Ground
  • g1 Maintain Advantage
  • g2 Control R2
  • g3 Secure City 1
  • Air
  • G1 Air Superiority
  • G2 Air Interdiction R1
  • G3 Ground Support

g2
R2
City 1
g3
G3
20
Task Goals
  • What is the trade-off between G2 and G3?
  • How does this tradeoff effect g2 and g3?
  • Which goal transformation is selected?
  • Which resources are reassigned?

21
Future Research
  • Change Cost/Benefit to Negotiation
  • Agent-Based Mixed-Initiative Planning
  • Planning for the Planning Interface

22
Conclusion
  • Many Research Areas at Intersection of Agent
    Technology, DAI, and Planning
  • Notion of Goal Transformations Helpful
    Integrating These Areas
  • More Questions than Answers
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