HIVAIDS Global and Caribbean Regional Situation

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HIV/AIDS Global and Caribbean Regional Situation

• Miriam Maluwa
• LL.B (Hons.) LL.M (UK)
• Country Representative
• Jamaica, Bahamas, Cuba
• Senior Adviser, Law and Human Rights-Caribbean
• UNAIDS

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Outline of Presentation

• Global Trends
• Gender Trends
• Caribbean Trends
• UNAIDS Strategic Core Function
• Challenges

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• Global Trends

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Global Summary of the HIV AIDS Epidemic2006
39.5 million 34.1 47.1million 4.3 million
3.6 6.6 million 2.9 million 2.5 3.5
million

• People living with HIV in 2006
• New HIV infections in 2006
• AIDS Deaths in 2006

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Over 11 000 new HIV infections a day in 2006

• More than 95 are in low and middle income
  countries
• Almost 1500 are in children under 15 years of age
• About 10 000 are in persons aged 15 to 49 years,
  of whom
• almost 50 are women
• about 40 are 1524 year olds

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Global Trends

• Sub-Saharan Africa continues to bear the brunt of
  the global epidemic. Two thirds (63) of all
  persons Living with HIV
• In the past two years, the number of people
  living with HIV increased in every region in the
  world.
• New infections in 2006 in every continent.
• The most striking increases have occurred in East
  Asia and in Eastern Europe and Central Asia,
  where the number of people living with HIV in
  2006 was over one fifth (21) higher than in
  2004.

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• Gender Trends

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Global Trends -Gender

• Globally, and in every region, more adult women
  (15 years or older).
• 17.7 million women living with HIV in 2006
  represented an increase of over one million
  compared with 2004
• In the Caribbean- close to 1 in every 2 adults
  with HIV is female.

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HIV Prevalence in Women
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• Caribbean Trends

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Caribbean Trends

• The second highest HIV prevalence rate in the
  world after sub-Saharan Africa
• 250,000 estimated to be living with HIV and AIDS
  in the Caribbean by Dec 2006
• The leading cause of death among persons aged
  15-44 years

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Caribbean Trends

• Estimated 27 000 people became newly infected
  with HIV in 2006
• 19,000 AIDS Deaths in 2006
• Heterosexual transmission main means of infection
  (58) data for others?

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Caribbean Trends

• HIV prevalence 1.2 (range 0.9-1.7)

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Adult HIV Prevalence in Selected Caribbean
Countries
Caribbean Technical Expert Group 2004, UNAIDS 2006
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Caribbean Trends

• Prevalence rates
• in Vulnerable Groups

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HIV Prevalence among Young People in the
Caribbean 2003-2004
UNAIDS 2004
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HIV Prevalence among men who sex with men (MSM)
Caribbean Technical Expert Group 2004
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HIV Prevalence among Female Sex Workers
Caribbean Technical Experts Group 2004, Gebre et
al 2006
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Challenges
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Challenges

• Policy and legislation
• Slow development on HIV and AIDS
• Stigma and Discrimination
• Continued stigma and discrimination
• Inadequate response
• No redress mechanism
• National Capacity
• Limited HIV staff posts and expertise and lack of
  integrated services

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Challenges

• Prevention
• Inadequate interventions, commodities and
  coverage
• Inadequate continuum between prevention and
  treatment
• Universal Access
• Systemic, cultural, social and legal barriers to
  achieve UA to prevention and treatment
• Multi-sectoral Response
• Health-centric response
• Limited ownership by other key sectors e.g.
  education, tourism, labour and local government

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Challenges

• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Lack of unified systems
• Data gaps (baseline and socio-economic data
• Lack of consolidated data
• International Support
• Multiple regional and international entities
• Fragmented programmatic approaches, financial
  accountability and reporting requirements

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Challenges

• Vulnerable Groups
• Lack of access to and visibility of vulnerable
  groups due to social, cultural and legal barriers
• Political leadership
• Varied commitment across the region
• Lack of consolidated regional leadership
  positions

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UNAIDS Strategic Core Functions
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UNAIDS Strategic Core Functions

• Leadership and Advocacy
• Partnership Building
• Strategic information
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Resource Mobilization

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UNAIDS Support - Caribbean

• Implementation of the Three Ones
• One strategic plan towards universal access
• One national authority
• One monitoring and evaluation framework
• Advocacy for political leadership
• Policy and Legislative reform
• Strengthening capacity for AIDS response
• Partnership building

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Thank You