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Project Scheduling

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Gantt Chart. CPM/PERT Terminology. Activity. Task or set of tasks ... Gantt Chart. Graphical representation of schedule. Shows all activities. Early Start Time ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Project Scheduling


1
Project Scheduling
  • Dr. Dale Masel
  • ISE 536
  • January 31, 2004

2
Project Scheduling
  • Important component of project plan
  • Client requirements
  • Measure of success
  • Resource requirements
  • Tools
  • Critical Path Method (CPM)
  • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
  • Gantt Chart

3
CPM/PERT Terminology
  • Activity
  • Task or set of tasks
  • Use resources
  • Event
  • State at end of 1 activities
  • No resources or time
  • Milestone
  • Significant Event

4
CPM/PERT Terminology (cont.)
  • Network
  • Diagram of nodes and arcs
  • Illustration of relationships
  • Path
  • Series of connected activities
  • Options
  • Activity-on-Arrow Network
  • Activity-on-Node Network

5
CPM/PERT Terminology (cont.)
  • Critical Path
  • Path from start to finish
  • If delayed ? delay completion of project
  • Critical Time
  • Time to complete all activities on critical path

6
Example Activities Precedence
7
AON Network
8
AOA Network
9
AOA Network
  • Dummy Task
  • Used to enforce precedence
  • All tasks from a node have same precedence
  • May need to create different combinations
  • No time required

10
Example Activities Precedence
11
AON Network
12
Important Values for AON
  • First Pass Calculate EST then EFT
  • Start to Finish
  • Second Pass Calculate LFT then LST
  • Finish to Start

13
Activity Slack
  • Time available for delay
  • Calculating
  • Slack LST EST
  • Slack LFT - EFT
  • Activities on Critical Path
  • Slack 0

14
PERT Distribution of Activity Times
  • ET (a 4m b)/6
  • s2 (b-a)2/36

15
Completion Probability
  • In Excel
  • NORMDIST(D, ?, ??, TRUE)
  • µ S(a 4m b)/6
  • s2µ S(b-a)2/36
  • Sum for all activities on critical path
  • D Desired project completion time

16
Determining Completion Date
  • In Excel
  • NORMINV(probability, ?, ??, TRUE)
  • Select probability that you want to be right when
    determining Z
  • Typical 0.90, 0.95

17
PERT Example
18
PERT AON Network
19
Probability for Completion Date
20
Simulation
  • Generate event time for each activity
  • Based on distribution of a, m, b
  • Identify critical path based on simulated times
  • Perform multiple replications to obtain an
    estimate of the completion time

21
Statistics vs. Simulation
  • Similarities
  • Must list alternate paths
  • Differences
  • Simulation does not require assumption of path
    independence

22
Gantt Chart
  • Graphical representation of schedule
  • Shows all activities
  • Early Start Time
  • Duration
  • Early Finish Time
  • May include
  • Slack/Late Finish Time
  • Precedence Relationships

23
Example Gantt Chart
24
Example Gantt Chart
25
Applications of Gantt Charts
  • Visual representation of schedule
  • More effective description than AOA or AON
    Network
  • Size reflects activity duration ? Importance
  • Shows concurrent activities
  • Monitoring progress
  • Can compare status vs. plan

26
Extensions to PERT/CPM
  • Precedence Diagramming
  • Finish-to-start linkage
  • Start-to-start linkage
  • Finish-to-finish linkage
  • Start-to-finish linkage

27
Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT)
  • Combination of
  • Flow graphs
  • Probabilistic networks
  • Decision trees
  • Additional features
  • Allows loops back to earlier events
  • Allows probabilistic branching
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