Force Protection

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Introduction
US Army Transportation School
Force Protection
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OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING

• OKLAHOMA CITY, OK - 19 APRIL 1995
• 168 Fatalities, 19 children

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BOMBING OF KHOBAR TOWERS

• SAUDI ARABIA - 25 JUNE
  1996 19 U.S. Air
  Force personnel killed, hundreds wounded

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Ireland - Tourist
A Tourist's View of Northern Ireland
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Ireland - Soldier
A Soldier's View of Northern Ireland
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US EMBASSY BOMBINGS

• NAIROBI, KENYA AND DAR es SALAAM, TANZANIA
• 7 August 1998, over 200 killed over 4000
  injured

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TERRORISM IS...
Premeditated, politically motivated violence
perpetrated against non-combatant targets by
sub-national groups of clandestine state agents.
THE STATE DEPARTMENT
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TERRORISM IS...
The unlawful use of force or violence against
personal property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civil population, or any segment
thereof, in furtherance of political social
objectives.
THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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TERRORISM IS...
acts that endanger or take lives, jeopardize
fundamental freedoms and seriously impair the
dignity of human beings.
THE UNITED NATIONS
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TERRORISM IS...

• Calculated.
• Criminal.
• Often Symbolic.
• Used to influence an audience beyond the
  immediate victims.

THE UNITED STATES ARMY
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TERRORIST OBJECTIVES

• Spread Fear.
• Create Alarm.
• Publicize A Cause.
• Advance A Cause.

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TERRORIST CONSIDERATIONS

• Desire to influence larger audience than
  immediate victims.
• Desire to gain media attention.

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TERRORIST MOTIVATIONS

• Ideological.
• Political.
• Religious.
• Criminal.
• Psychopathic.

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TYPES OF TERRORISTS

• Non State Supported.
• State Supported.
• State Sponsored/Directed.

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TERRORISM IN THE FUTURE

• Mega Terrorism.
• Nuclear Proliferation.
• New Technology.
• Biological/Chemical Warfare.

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USS COLE BOMBING

• PORT OF ADEN, YEMEN 12 OCTOBER 2000
  17 U.S. Navy personnel killed, 39 injured

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FORCE PROTECTION

• Force protection is a security program developed
  to protect soldiers, civilian employees, family
  members, facilities and equipment, in all
  locations and situations. Accomplished through
  planned integration combating terrorism, physical
  security, operational security, protective
  services and law enforcement operations, all
  supported by foreign intelligence,
  counterintelligence and other security programs.

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FORCE PROTECTION

• REFERENCES
• AR 525-13, ANTITERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION
  (AT/FP) SECURITY OF PERSONNEL, INFORMATION,
  AND CRITICALRESOURCES
• DA PAM 190-51, RISK ANALYSIS FOR ARMY PROPERTY

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THREAT CONDITIONS

• NORMAL GENERAL THREAT EXISTS. MAINTAIN
  ROUTINE SECURITY POSTURE.
• ALPHA AN UNPREDICTABLE TERRORIST THREAT
  EXISTS TARGETING PEOPLE AND
  INSTALLATIONS.
• BRAVO AN INCREASED/MORE PREDICTABLE THREAT
  EXISTS.

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THREAT CONDITIONS (contd)
CHARLIE A TERRORIST INCIDENT HAS OCCURRED,
OR INTELLIGENCE INDICATES SOME FORM OF
TERRORIST ACTION IS IMMINENT. DELTA A
TERRORIST ATTACK HAS OCCURRED IN THE
IMMEDIATE AREA, OR INTELLIGENCE INDICATES
A TERRORIST ACTION AGAINST A SPECIFIC
LOCATION IS LIKELY.
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THREAT LEVELS

• NEGLIGIBLE EXISTENCE AND OR CAPABILITY MAY OR
  MAY NOT BE PRESENT.
• LOW EXISTENCE AND CAPABILITY MUST BE
  PRESENT. HISTORY MAY OR MAY NOT BE
  PRESENT.
• MEDIUM FACTORS OF EXISTENCE, CAPABILITY, AND
  HISTORY MUST BE PRESENT. INTENTIONS MAY OR
  MAY NOT BE PRESENT.

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THREAT LEVELS (contd)
HIGH FACTORS OF EXISTENCE, CAPABILITY,
HISTORY, AND INTENTIONS MUST BE
PRESENT. CRITICAL FACTORS OF
EXISTENCE, CAPABILITY, AND TARGETING MUST BE
PRESENT. HISTORY AND INTENTIONS MAY OR
MAY NOT BE PRESENT.
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COMMANDERS FORCE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
Critical Areas of Force Protection Will Need
Cooperation of All Concerned.

• THREAT ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
• RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
• TRAINING
• PRE-PLANNING
• INTELLIGENCE

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FORCE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

• PERSONAL SOFT BODY ARMOR, DURESS ALARMS
• VEHICLE
• LEASED INCONSPICUOUS VEHICLES
• ARMORED VEHICLES/ARMOR KITS
• PHYSICAL SECURITY
• BARRIERS (PEDESTRIAN, VEHICLE)
• DETECTION SYSTEMS (EXPLOSIVE, INTRUSION, WEAPONS)
• ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
• BLAST MITIGATION (MYLAR, CURTAINS, BLANKETS)

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FORCE PROTECTION

• AT/FP TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
• LEVEL I TRAINING FOR SOLDIERS, FAMILY MEMBERS
  DA CIVILIANS PRIOR TO TRAVELING OUTSIDE THE 50
  UNITED STATES, ITS TERRITORIES, AND POSSESSIONS
• LEVEL II TRAINING TARGETS INDIVIDUALS WHO WILL
  HAVE ATHE RESPONSIBILITY TO TRAIN OTHERS IN LEVEL
  I INDOCTRINATION AND ADVISE THE COMMANDER.
• LEVEL III TARGETS O5 AND O6 STUDENTS IN PCC
  COURSES.
• LEVEL IV IS AN EXECUTIVE LEVEL SEMINAR SPONSORED
  BY THE JCS.

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Mission Essential Tasks
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ANTITERRORISM PLANNING CYCLE
Conduct Threat Assessment and VA
Publish/ Update AT/FP Plan
Conduct Full Exercise
Appoint AT/FP Officer
Implement RAMP
Exercise Planning
Establish Command Emphasis
AAR
Develop Installation Physical Security Plan
ID HRTs/MEVA
Continuous Process
Convene AT/FP Committee
ID Resource Requirements
Conduct AT/FP Specific Training
Establish Working Groups
RISK MANAGEMENT
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Summary
Antiterrorism/Force Protection
Antiterrorism Force Protection is clearly every
commanders charge. Wayne Downing General, USA
(RET)
Usama bin Laden
USS Cole
Security Forces
Port Security