A Contingency Approach

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A Contingency Approach to Change Management
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The Contingency View of IT-Based Change
Management is based on the
The Contingency Theory of Management use
differing management styles for various
Levels/Types/Functions of personnel
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The Contingency Approach to Change Mgmt.

• Who must truly believe!
• Enterprise Executive Management
• Project Team
• Therefore, Participate - Sell
• Who can be commanded!
• Clerical Teams
• Therefore, Hierarchy - Command
• Who is the problem!
• Local Executive Management
• Local Middle Management
• Behavioral or Hierarchy Style?

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The Key toBusiness Process Changeis the
Management Style used forLocal/Functional
Management
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The Behavioral Approach to Management Style

• Commitment versus Compliance
• Commitment is a powerful phenomenon in transition
  management
• Commitment generates productive behavior without
  the need for monitoring
• Compliance may result in similar behavior, but
  rarely generates initiative.
• Compliance strategies rely on external
  enforcement
• Therefore, Implement through
• Organizational/Cultural Alignment

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The Contingency Approach To Management Style

• Organize for ownership
• Each implementation function/module must have a
  single owner with direct line authority over all
  implementing/impacted personnel
• e.g. since major IT implementations involve
  several business functions, without
  reorganization, all major business process
  implementations of standardized packages will
  fail!

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Assumptions of TraditionalCommitment-OrientedOCM
Approach

• Middle Management is key to systems project
  success?
• Middle Management thinks for itself and will not
  willingly follow orders?
• Middle Managers are important?
• Therefore - Motivate

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Assumption of Contingency OrientedOCM Approach

• Reorganize for direct
• Ownership

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The Contingency View of IT-Based Organizational
Change Management

• Executive Management
• Sell
• Middle Management
• Organize for Line Control, then Command
• Workers
• Orientation and Training

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Summary When Do I Use Each Approach

• When Maintaining a Stable Organization
• Use Behavioral Approach
• organizational alignment
• For Managers/Professionals Impact Projects
• Use Behavioral Approach
• motivate
• For Operations (BPR/TPS) Impact Projects
• Use Contingency Approach
• sell/command/train