Design of Evacuation System for HighRise Building

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• Design of Evacuation System for High-Rise
  Building
• Danqing Yu

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Overview

• 30-years policy of US codes against use of
  elevators in fires Attitudinal impediment
• Focus of current design number, width and
  position of stairs Is it adequate?
• Current use of elevator Provide emergency use
  for firefighters and the disabilities
• Move large number of people from significant
  height Call for safe and reliable elevator
  egress system
• Future trend design elevators with emergency
  mode
• ( withstand heat, smoke, water, power-cut)

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Evacuation Plan for High-Rise Building

• Normal high-rise building
• Evacuation sequence emergency floor upper
  floors lower floors
• Whether or not the elevators attend to disabled
  population first before they serve others
• Trained personnel to lead evacuation and good
  interface design ( switching driving mode for
  different emergencies)
• Mega high-rise building
• Elevators and refuge place are zoned vertically
  by sections
• Occupants are regularly trained for evacuation
• Express emergency shaft transit from refuge place
  to ground lobby in a non-stop fashion

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Buildings Types Need Emergency Elevators

• Residential Building
• Buildings with more than 100 persons per floor
  and with more than 50 floors
• Buildings with more than 200 persons per floor
  and with more than 20 floors
• Office Building
• Buildings with more than 50 floors and more than
  50 persons per floor
• For 15-20 floor building, population per floor
  exceeds 100

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Parameters for Evacuation System

• Parameters of Building Evacuation Traffic Flow
• Building population
• No. of floors f (1? f ? F)
• Average passenger walking speed (0.50.75m/s)
• Passenger density during emergency (1
  person/0.46m2)
• Configuration for Evacuation System
• Proportion of population evacuated by stairs and
  elevators
• Width of evacuation doors (gt 0.8m)
• Width and travel distance of stairs
• Positions of stairs and lobbies
• Size of the lobbies
• Emergency elevator configuration (number, safety
  mode, driving speed, group control logic )

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Statistical Method
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• Safety regulation
• Emergency mode for elevators
• Water tolerance parts,
• Emergency power if main power fails
• Enclosed lobby on each floor of the building,
  elevator should be installed in smoke-proof shaft
  ? 1 hour fire resistance and pressurized against
  smoke infiltration.
• Real time monitoring of elevator system status
  and any conditions that may threaten its safe
  operation.
• Max No. of elevators and stairs
• The number of floors in each elevator zone ? 15
  16 floors
• Layout of elevators and stairs
• Typical building 3000 m2 of floor space, 500 m2
  core area (including elevator, 2 stairs 1.2 m
  each) Stairs are located diagonally across the
  core area from each other.