Region%205%20Enforcement%20Approach

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Region 5 Enforcement Approach
NACAA Enforcement and Compliance Workshop

• George Czerniak
• June 13, 2007

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TARGETED INVESTIGATIONS

• Dont Try for Broad Coverage
• Dont Affirm Compliance
• High Likelihood of Violation Where Correction
  Will Result in Significant Emission Reduction
• Focus on Company, Sector, Rule

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CASE DISTRIBUTION
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CASE DISTRIBUTION
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CASE DISTRIBUTION
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ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT FROM FY 2006 CAA
SETTLEMENTS

• Primary Environmental Benefit
• Emission Reductions (142,942,912 lbs/yr)
• 98,828,033 lbs/yr Sulfur Dioxide
• 13,628,951 lbs/yr Nitrogen Oxides
• 10,468,625 lbs/yr Volatile Organic Compounds
• 9,574,790 lbs/yr Carbon Monoxide
• 6,946,758 lbs/yr Carbon Dioxide
• 2,326,870 lbs/yr PM10 /Particulate Matter
• 1,158,218 lbs/yr Hazardous Air Pollutants
• 8,588 lbs/yr Chlorofluorocarbons
• 2,079 lbs/yr Lead
• Federal Penalties Assessed - 4,512,447

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PORTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT IN SUPPLEMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS

• SEP Emission Reductions (11,667,767 lbs/yr)
• 6,946,758 lbs/yr Carbon Dioxide
• 4,071,210 lbs/yr Carbon Monoxide
• 240,033 lbs/yr Sulfur Dioxide
• 233,398 lbs/yr Hazardous Air Pollutants
• 130,748 lbs/yr PM10 /Particulate Matter
• 26,951 lbs/yr Nitrogen Oxides
• 15,425 lbs/yr Volatile Organic Compounds
• 2,079 lbs/yr Lead
• 1,165 lbs/yr Chlorofluorocarbons

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TARGETING APPROACH
Theory of Violation
Develop Expertise
Work Through Company, Sector, Rule
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TARGETING EXAMPLES
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ACID PRODUCTION

• THEORY
• NSR

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ACID PRODUCTION PLANT DIAGRAM
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ACID PRODUCTION

• Remedy
• Sulfuric Acid Plants
• Wet Gas Scrubber
• Double Contact Double Absorption System Capable
  of Meeting an Emissions Limit of 1.5 lbs/ton
• Mist Elimination System Capable of Meeting
  Sulfuric Acid Mist Emission Rates of 0.15 lbs/ton
  or less

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ACID PRODUCTION

• Remedy (cont.)
• Nitric Acid Plants
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR), and/or
• Extended Absorption System
• Capable of Meeting NOx Emission Limits in the
  Range of 0.3 to 0.6 lbs/ton

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ACID PRODUCTION

• Potential Environmental Results
• 120,000 TPY of SO2
• 30,000 TPY of NOx
• Current Status
• Two (2) Settlements
• 6 Sulfuric Acid Plants
• 1 Nitric Acid Plant
• Reductions
• 19,000 TPY SO2
• 200 TPY NOx
• Sulfuric Acid Mist Reductions
• Settlement discussions continue with others

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PETROLEUM COKE

• THEORY
• NSR

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PETROLEUM COKE

• Affected Sectors
• Cement
• Iron and Steel
• Coal Fired Boilers
• Calcining
• Remedy
• SO2 (Scrubbers)
• NOx (SCR and SNCR) Controls
• Potential National Environmental Results
• 160,000 TPY SO2 and NOx Reductions
• Current Status
• One Global Negotiation in Progress, One On-going
  Case, Two Investigations

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FLARING

• THEORY
• LESS SCRUTINY
• FOCUS ON OPACITY

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FLARING

• Proper Operation
• Pilot flame must be present
• Sufficiently low exit velocity
• Smokeless operation
• Steam or air commensurate with organics
• Heat Content gt (300 BTU/scf)

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FLARING

• Regulations
• MACT
• General provisions 63.11(b)
• Polymers Resins, HON, Pharmaceuticals,
  Refineries, etc.
• NSPS
• General Provisions 60.18(b)
• SOCMI, Polymers, Refineries, etc.
• SIP
• State VOC reduction requirements
• State permit requirements (e.g. 300 BTU)

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FLARING

• Violations
• Heat Content lower than 300 BTU/scf (63.11(b),
  60.18(b))
• Failure to use good air pollution control
  practices by steam addition in excess of design
  parameters (63.6(e), 60.11(d))
• Specified by API and Flare Manufacturer
• Typically near 1 lb steam/1 lb gas
• Destruction Efficiency Specified in SIP (95)

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FLARING

• Remedy
• Heat Content (BTU/scf) Instrument
• Steam Addition Control Valve
• Natural Gas Addition Control Valve
• PLC So Heat Content Dictates Steam and Natural
  Gas Addition Rates
• Potential Environmental Benefits
• Increase In Destruction Efficiency at the Flare
• Less VOC and HAPs Emissions

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FLARING

• Current Status
• Batch Chemical Plant in SW Ohio
• 300 BTU/scf and oversteaming violations
• NOV issued
• gt 560 TPY excess emissions
• Batch Chemical Plant in NW Ohio
• 300 BTU/scf and oversteaming violations
• NOV issued
• 12 TPY excess emissions
• Batch Chemical Plant in SE Ohio
• 675,000 instrument upgrade for two flares in
  response to an information request
  
• lt 5 TPY excess emissions

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CEM

• THEORY
• WRONG PERCEPTIONS

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CEM
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CEM
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CEM
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CEM
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CEM

• Remedy
• Continuous compliance
• Fixing causes of excess emissions/CEMS downtime
  so they don't happen again
• Injunctive relief (redesigned/new control
  technology to replace old/underdesigned controls)
• SEPS
• Current Status
• Seven Notices/Findings of Violation
• 100 Facilities Being Reviewed

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QUESTIONS