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Intro to MicroHydro Power

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Title: Intro to MicroHydro Power


1
Intro to Micro-Hydro Power
Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP,CEE Lecturer/Research
Associate Community and International
Development, CDAE Gund Institute, University of
Vermont Project Director, Dominica Renewable
Energy Workshop http//www.uvm.edu/gflomenh/Domin
ica/fieldwork.html
2
Hydro Currently
  • 1/10 of electricity, US.
  • 20 World electricity

3
Hydro-Electric Systems
  • Sizes- large, small, Micro
  • Types- Impoundment, Run-of-the River, diversion,
    pumped storage
  • Turbines- reaction and impulse
  • Home-Hydro-Power

4
Large Hydro-systems
  • Defined as greater than 30 megawatts by
    Department of Energy
  • Hoover dam- (1300 MW)
  • Grand Coulee (6480 MW
  • Largest
  • Venezuela (10 GW)
  • Itaipu-Brazil (12.6 GW
  • China- 18.6 GW (2009)

5
Three Gorges Dam
  • Over one mile long
  • 575 feet tall.
  • 25-75 billion dollars.
  • 20 years of construction  
  • 18,600 MW
  • Completion in 2009

6
Small Hydro-systems
  • DOE 100kw 30mw
  • Industries, towns
  • Thailand (9mw)
  • Winooski (5MW)
  • Essex (7MW)

7
Micro-hydro system
  • DOE 0-100 kw
  • Farm, home, village
  • Increasing in s Today

8
Impoundment Type or Run-of-the-River w/o
impoundment
9
Diversion Type
10
Diversion (Brazil)
11
Pumped Storage
  • Energy control- produce power on demand
  • 70-80 efficency
  • Net electricity consumers
  • Can be PV and wind powered

12
Turbines Reaction or Impulse
  • Depends on head, flow, and pressure
  • Impulse- similar to water wheel (cupped Blades)
    Spins in the air
  • Reaction- used in large facilities
  • (Blades similar to boat propeller) Submerged in
    water

13
Turbines Reaction or Impulse
14
Turbines Reaction or Impulse
15
Impulse-type Turbine-Pelton
  • High-head/low flow
  • (Vertical drop gt 10m)
  • High pressure (PSI)

16
Inside of Micro Turbine
  • 4 inch diameter impulse turbine
  • Creates 200 watts of power
  • Cost 1440

17
Harris DC Hydro systems
18
(No Transcript)
19
14 KW Canyon Industries Pelton
20
Impulse-type Turbine-Turgo
Turgo Medium head (gt4ft)
21
Impulse-type Turbine-Crossflow
  • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

22
Reaction-type Turbine-Francis
  • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

23
Reaction-type Turbine-Propellor
  • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

24
Reaction-type Turbine-Kaplan
  • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

25
Schematic Micro-Hydro
26
Home-Micro-Hydro
  • How to determine power?
  • Watts head x GPM/10 (53 efficiency)

27
Dominica 1 High head/Low flow
Head 120 feet Flow 80-120 GPM Power 1KW
28
Schematic Forbay tank
29
Intake Construction
30
Intake Construction
31
Intake Construction
32
Intake Construction
33
Penstock 4 SCH 40 PVCPainted for UV protection
34
Penstock 4 SCH 40 PVCPainted for UV protection
35
PowerHouse
36
PowerHouse
37
PowerHouse
38
Turbine
39
Turbine
40
Turbine
Sahyadri Energy Systems PF-175
41
  • HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS OF TURBINE
  • hydroelectric generator
  • WATER DELIVERED TO TURBINE BY PVC PIPE
  • Length is approx 480 ft.
  • 4 inch diameter
  • Approx cost 1600

42
Head 10 feet Flow 1000 GPM Power 1KW
Dominica 2 Low Head/High Flow
43
  • Low-Head System Installation

44
Diversion
45
Diversion
46
Diversion
47
Pipe Installation
48
Pipe Installation
49
Pipe Installation
50
Pipe Installation
51
Pipe Installation
52
Trough Installation
53
Trough Installation
54
Trough Installation
55
Dominica 2 Turbine LH-1000
1895
56
Turbine LH-1000
57
Hydropower Pros Cons
  • Current hydropower technology, while essentially
    emission-free, can have undesirable environmental
    effects, such as fish injury and mortality from
    passage through turbines, as well as detrimental
    effects on the quality of downstream water.

58
Cons
  • Disrupt natural flow patterns of the stream
  • Fertilization of flood plain
  • Fish migration
  • Sediment and stratification
  • Decommissioning and Dam removal
  • Hydro licensing / re-licensing
  • Fish Wildlife Service (FWS), the National
    Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Forest
    Service (FS), the Bureau of Land Management
    (BLM), the National Park Service (NPS), the
    Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the Bureau of
    Reclamation (BuRec), Army Corps of Engineers, and
    the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

59
Fish Passage
  • Fish populations can be impacted if fish cannot
    migrate upstream past impoundment dams to
    spawning grounds or if they cannot migrate
    downstream to the ocean.
  • Upstream fish passage
  • Fish ladders or elevators
  • trucks
  • Downstream fish passage
  • aided by diverting fish from turbine intakes
    using screens or racks or even underwater lights
    and sounds, and by maintaining a minimum spill
    flow past the turbine.

60
Fish Ladder

61
Water Quality and Flow
  • Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved oxygen
    levels in the water, a problem that is harmful to
    riparian habitats and is addressed using various
    aeration techniques. Maintaining minimum flows of
    water downstream of a hydropower installation is
    also critical for the survival of riparian
    habitats.

62
Environmentally Friendly Turbines
  • Environmentally friendly turbines, also called
    "fish friendly" turbines, aim to reduce fish
    mortality when passing through the turbine, while
    also increasing water quality by maintaining
    dissolved oxygen concentrations.

63
Pros
  • Control of floods and water flow
  • Generate electric cleanly and is renewable
  • Efficiency Energy to Electricity at 90

64
References
  • http//www.ferc.gov/industries/hydropower/gen-info
    /water-power/wp-pump.asp
  • http//www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plan
    t_types.html
  • http//www.homepower.com/files/hp44-24.pdf
  • http//library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/hydro/ty
    pes.html
  • Hinrichs, Kleinbach. ENERGY, Its use and the
    Environment,Tompson Learning, 2002.
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