tet Sstt

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3

• ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??

• ?at?????e? ???st?? S???
• ????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC
• G??sse? e??t?µ?t??
• ???t??a ded?µ????
• ?e?t?????e? S???

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
???ste? S???

• ?p??? ???ste? s???e???µ??e? ?e?t?????e? se
  s???e???µ??e? efa?µ????.
• ???????µ???? ???ste? ????? ep????s? t??
  pe??e??µ???? t?? ß?s??.
• ?????aµµat?st?? ?fa?µ???? ???s?µ?p????? API.
• S?ed?ast?? ??se?? ?ed?µ???? ape????????? t??
  p?a?µat??? ??sµ? st?? efa?µ???.
• ??a?e???st?? d??a??µata se ??a ta ep?peda.

3
?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC

• ?????? ??a t?? ???sµ? µ?a? ????? ap?de?t??
  ???????a? ?a? a???te?t?????? ??a ta S???.
• ???tas? t?? ?µ?da? ???as?a? ??se?? ?ed?µ????
  (Data Base Task Group) st? s???d??? CODASYL ??a
  a???te?t????? d?? ep?p?d?? (1971).
• ? ep?t??p? ANSI-SPARC (American National
  Standards Institute - Standards Planning and
  Require-ments Committee) p??te??e t??
  a???te?t????? t???? ep?p?d?? (1975).
• ?? ?a? ? a???te?t????? ANSI-SPARC de?
  p??t?-p?p??????e, ap?te?e? µ?a ?a?? afet???a ??a
  t?? ?ata???s? t?? ?e?t???????t?ta? e??? S???.

4
?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC
5
?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC

• ?at? t?? a???te?t????? ANSI ??????ta? t??a
  ep?peda t? es?te????, t? e??te???? ?a? t?
  e???????????.
• St???? t?? a???te?t?????? ANSI e??a? ?
  d?a????sµ?? t?? t??p?? p?? ? ???st?? "ß??pe?" ta
  ded?µ??a ap? t?? t??p? t?? f?s???? ??????s?? t??
  ded?µ????. ? d?a????sµ?? a?t?? e??a? ep???µ?t??
  ??a t??? p?????? ??????

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC

• ???e ???st?? ??e? d?af??et??? ??? t?? ded?µ????.
  ???e ??? e??a? a?e???t?t? ap? t?? ?p????pe?
  ??e??.
• ? p??sp??as? t?? ded?µ???? ap? t??? ???ste?
  p?a?µat?p??e?ta? a?e???t?ta ap? t? f?s???
  ??????s? t?? ded?µ????.
• ? d?a?e???st?? t?? S??? ??e? t? d??at?t?ta ?a
  µetaß???e? t? f?s??? ??????s? t?? ded?µ????,
  ????? ?a ep??e????ta? ?? ???ste? t??? s?st?µat??.
• ? f?s??? ??????s? t?? ß?s?? e??a? a?e???t?t? ap?
  a??a??? p?? s?µßa????? st?? t??p? ap????e?s??
  t?? ded?µ???? (p? p??s???? d?s???).
• ? d?a?e???st?? t?? S??? µp??e? ?a µetaß???e? t??
  e??????????? d?µ? t?? ß?s?? ????? ?a ep??e????ta?
  ?? ???ste? t?? s?st?µat??.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC

• ???te???? ?p?ped? - ??af??eta? st?? t??p? ???sµ??
  t?? ??e?? t?? ???st?? p??? ta ded?µ??a.
• ?e???aµß??e? ??a s????? d?af??et???? e??te?????
  ??e?? (views), ?a??? ???e ???st?? ??e? µ?a d???
  t?? ??? t?? p?a?µat???? ??sµ?? p?? pe???aµß??e?
  t?? ??t?t?te? (entities) t?? p?a?µat???? ??sµ??
  ?a? t?? µeta?? t??? s?s?et?se?? (relationships)
  p?? e?d?af????? t?? ???e ???st?.
• ?p??e? ?a ?p?????? ?a? ???e? ??t?t?te? p?? de?
  ??????e? ? ???st??. ?? d?af??et???? ??e??
  e?d??eta? ?a ????? d?af??et???? a?apa?ast?se??
  ??a ta ?d?a ded?-µ??a (p? 12??? vs 24???
  a?apa??stas? t?? ??????).

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC

• ???????????? ?p?ped? - ?e?????fe? t? ?????? d?µ?
  ???? t?? ded?µ???? t?? ß?s??.
• ?d? pe?????feta? t? s????? t?? ??t?t?t?? t??
  p?a?µat???? ??sµ?? ?a??? ?a? t? s????? t??
  s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t???.
• ?p?s??, pe?????f??ta? ?? pe?????sµ??
  (constraints) p?? ?p?????? sta ded?µ??a (p? de?
  ep?t??p??ta? ?????a ? µ?s???lt0) ?a? ??
  s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t???.
• ?? e??????????? ep?ped? ap????pte? t? f?s???
  ??????s? t?? ded?µ???? ?a? de? ep??e??eta? ap?
  ??p??? s???e???µ??? t??p? ap????e?s??.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
????te?t????? ANSI/SPARC

• ?s?te???? ?p?ped? - ?e?????fe? t? f?s??? ??????s?
  t?? s?????? t?? ded?µ???? t?? ß?s??.
• ?d? ?a?????eta? ? t??p?? ap????e?s?? t??
  ded?µ???? (p? e?d?? a??e???, ?-d??d??,
  ?ata?e?µat?sµ?? ??p) st? f?s??? µ?s? ap????e?s??
  (p? d?s???, s?st????e? d?s??? ??p) ?a??? ?a? ?
  t??p?? p??sp??as?? sta ded?µ??a (d?? se???a??,
  t??a?a, a?a??t?s? d?ast?µat?? ??p).

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
S??µa ?a? St??µ??t?p?

• ? s??????? pe????af? t?? ?? ?a?e?ta? s??µa.
• ?p?????? 3 s??µata t? e??te???? (external), t?
  e??????????? (conceptual) ?a? t? es?te????
  (internal).
• ?? S??? e??a? ?pe????? ??a t?? ape?????s?
  (mapping) t?? e??? s??µat?? st? ????.
• ?? e?sa?????, ?? d?a??af?? ?a? ?? e??µe??se?? t??
  ded?µ???? µetaß?????? t?? ?at?stas? t?? ??. ?
  s???e???µ??? ?at?stas? t?? ?? se µ?a ded?µ???
  ??????? st??µ? ?a?e?ta? st??µ??t?p? (instance).
• ???e st??µ??t?p? ?pa???e? st??? ?a???e? p??
  ep?ß??e? t? s??µa t?? ??. Se ???e s??µa t?? ??
  a?t?st?????? p???? st??µ??t?pa.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
??e?a?t?s?a ded?µ????

• ? a?e?a?t?s?a? ded?µ???? a?af??eta? st?? ap?f???
  e??µ???s?? t?? ded?µ???? e??? ep?p?d?? ?ta?
  s?µßa????? a??a??? sta ?at?te?a ep?peda.
• ??a??????µe d?? t?p??? a?e?a?t?s?a? ded?µ????
• ?????? a?e?a?t?s?a a??a??? p?? s?µßa????? st?
  e??????????? de? ep??e????? t? e??te???? s??µa,
  ?a?
• F?s??? a?e?a?t?s?a a??a??? p?? s?µßa????? st?
  es?te-???? de? ep??e????? t? e??????????? ?a? t?
  e??te???? s??µa.
• ?? d?? t?p?? a?e?a?t?s?a? p?a?µat?p?????ta? µe
  µetas??µat?sµ??? µeta?? t?? ep?p?d??. ?p???e?
  pe??pt?s? ?a µe???e? ? ap?d?s? t?? s?st?µat??
  ???? t?? ??st??? ep????????a? µeta?? t?? ep?p?d??.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa µe ß?ß?????af??? ded?µ??a

• ?? ?e???s??µe 3 d?af??et????? ???ste?.
• ??sa s??µata ????µe?

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
G??sse? e??t?µ?t?? (query language)

• ??a ???ssa e??t?µ?t?? (query langauge) e??a?
  d???-t??? (declarative), e?? ?? ???sse?
  p????aµµat?sµ?? e??a? d?ad??ast???? (procedural).
• ??a ???ssa e??t?µ?t?? ap?te?e?ta? ap?
• t? ???ssa ???sµ?? ded?µ???? (DDL), ? ?p??a ??e?
  s??p? t?? pe????af? t?? ??t?t?t??, t??
  s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t???, ?a? t?? pe?????sµ??.
• t? ???ssa ?e???sµ?? ded?µ???? (DML), ? ?p??a ??e?
  s??p? t?? ??f?as? t?? e?sa?????, d?a??af??,
  e??µe??se?? ?a? t? d?at?p?s? e??t?µ?t?? p??? t?
  S???.
• ?? S??? d?at??e? ta µetaded?µ??a t?? DDL st?
  ?e???? ded?µ???? (data dictionary) ? ?at????? t??
  s?st?µat?? (system catalog).

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa

• ?st? ?t? ?ata???f??µe ded?µ??a s?et??? µe ta
  ?a?a?t???st??? µ??t???? a?t?????t??.
• G?a ???e a?t?????t? ??e?a??µaste t?? ??d??? t??,
  t?? ???µas?a t?? µ??t????, t?? ??ß?sµ? ?a? t??
  ?pp?d??aµ?.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa ???sµ?? ded?µ????

• ?atas?e?? p??a?a µe e?t???? DDL t?? SQL
• CREATE TABLE ??t?????t?
• (??d???? INTEGER,
• ???µa CHAR(20),
• ??ß?sµ?? INTEGER,
• ?pp?d??aµ? INTEGER)

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa e?sa?????

• ??sa???? ded?µ???? µe e?t???? DML t?? SQL
• INSERT INTO ??t?????t?
• VALUES (1, 'Peugeot 106 Rallye', 1600, 122)
• INSERT INTO ??t?????t?
• VALUES (2, 'Citroen Saxo VTS', 1600, 122)
• INSERT INTO ??t?????t?
• VALUES (3, 'VW Golf', 1600, 105)

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa st??µ??t?p??

• ?? st??µ??t?p? t?? ?? µet? t?? e?sa?????.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa e??t?µat??

• ??at?p?s? e??t?µat?? p??? t? S??? µe DML.
• ?a ß?e???? ??a ta ?a?a?t???st??? t?? µ??t???? µe
  ?pp?d??aµ? µe?a??te?? ap? 110.
• SELECT
• FROM ??t?????t?
• WHERE ?pp?d??aµ? gt 110

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
G??sse? 4?? Ge????

• ??µ??????a F??µ?? (form generation)
• ?a?????? ??af??? ep????????a µeta?? s?st?µat??
  ?a? ???st?. ?e? ??e???eta? ???s? ???ssa?.
• ??µ??????a ??af???? (report generation)
• ??t?µat? pa?a???? a?af???? µe ß?s? e??t?µata t??
  ???st?.
• ??µ??????a G?af?µ?t?? (graph generation).
• ??µ??????a ?fa?µ???? (application generation)
• ??t?µat?p???µ??? d??at?t?ta pa?a????? ??d??a
  efa?µ????.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
???t??a ?ed?µ????

• ?fa??et??? a?apa??stas?? p?a?µat???? ??sµ??.
• ????af?? ??aµµ????f?s? ped?a ?a?a?t???st???
  
• ???t??a ßas?sµ??a se e???af??
• ?e?a?????
• ???t??t?
• S?es?a??
• F?s??? µ??t??a ded?µ????
• ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a t?? a?apa??stas? ded?µ????
  se ?at?te?? ep?ped?

• ???t??a ßas?sµ??a se a?t??e?µe?a
• ??t?t?t??-s?s?et?se??
• ??t??e?µe??st?af??
• ????????????
• S??a?t?s?a??

21
?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa s?es?a??? µ??t???? ded?µ????
22
?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?a??de??µa d????aµµat?? ??t?t?t??-s?s?et?se??
23
?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?e?t?????e? S???

• ?eta???tt?st?? DDL,
• ?eta???tt?st?? DML,
• ???a?? e?t??es??,
• ??e???? ta?t??????sµ??,
• ??a?e???st?? epa???t?s?? ?a? ?µe????????,
• ??a?e???st?? s??a??a???,
• ??a?e???st?? a??e???,
• ??a?e???st?? ap?µ???t???? µ??µ??, ?a?
• ??a?e???st?? ap????e?s??.

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?ef??a?? 3 ????te?t????? S?st?µ?t??
?e?t?????e? S???