Eutherian lineages

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Eutherian lineages
Boreoeutheria Euarchontoglires Primates Scande
ntia Dermoptera Lagomorpha Rodentia ? rodents

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Rodentia

• phylogeny
• key innovations
• diversity
• ecology
• epidemiology
• biogeography
• N.A. taxa

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Rodentdiversity

• about 30 families
• gt ?000 species

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Rodent evolution

• key innovations jaws and incisors

rootless incisors
diastema no canines
specialized chewing muscles
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Rodent phylogeny
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Rodentia categorized by chewing muscle types
infraorbital foramen comparisons
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Rodentia categorized by chewing muscle types
modifications of origin of masseter muscle ?
increasing efficiency of chewing
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Rodent phylogenysciuromorphous morphology
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Rodentia categorized by chewing muscle types
hystricomorphous - capybara, guinea pig,
porcupine
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Rodent phylogenyhystricomorphous morphology
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Rodentia categorized by chewing muscle types
myomorphous - rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils
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Rodent phylogenymyomorphous morphology
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Rodentia rodentscategorized by mandible types
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Rodent phylogeny
Sciurognathus jaws
Hystricognathus jaws
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Rodentia convergent evolution

• body types
• locomotion
• ecology
• life history
• behavior

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Rodentia convergent evolution

• saltatorial (?) rodents

Dipodidae jumping mice N. America jerboas N.
Africa, C. Asia
Heteromyidae kangaroo rats N. America
Muridae Austrailia, hopping mice Australia
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Rodentia convergent evolution

• fossorial (?) rodents

Ctenomyidae tuco tucos South America
Geomyidae pocket gophers North America
Bathyergidae mole rats Africa
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Rodentia convergent evolution

• semi-? rodents

Hydrochaeridae capybara S. America
Muridae muskrat N. America
Myocastoridae nutria S. America (now N.
America)
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Rodentia convergent evolution

• ? rodents

Hystricomorpha Old world porcupine
Caviomorpha New world porcupines
Muroidea Acomys
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Rodentia convergent evolution

• Josephoartigasia monesi
• Uruguay, 2-4 million years ago

Pygmy hippo
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Rodentia convergent evolution

• Phoberomys pattersoni
• Venezuela, 8 million years ago

Pygmy hippo
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Rodentia teeth and feeding

• cusp shape
• crown height
• rooted or rootless

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Rodentia teeth and feeding

• ? ? ? or ?
• short ?
• rooted

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Rodentia teeth and feeding

• ?/super? ? ?
• - high ?
• - rootless (?)

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Rodentia teeth and feeding

• hypsodont/superhypsodont ? herbivory

B browsers Mf mixed feeders G grazers VG
variable grazers VB variable browsers
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• Merriams kangaroo rat
• - arid-adapted physiology and behaviors

• metabolic water food water conservation
• physiological ? conservation
• behavioral ? conservation

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• metabolic ?
• byproduct of ?

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• food selection
• gtH2O available in ? than ?
• - granivores

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• physiological ? conservation
• ? recovery in the kidney
• extremely concentrated ?

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• behavioral ? conservation
• - stay in burrow during ?

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• naked mole rats Heterocephalus glaber
• - ? mammals

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• naked mole rats Heterocephalus glaber
• ? mammals
• Q?
• ? (1-3 males mate)
• ? (males/females defend)
• ? (food, burrows, caring for queen and her
  young)

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• grasshopper mice Onychomys
• - insectivory, predatory

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Rodentia community ecology

• habitat selection
• competition ? niche partitioning?
• physiological or behavioral adaptations?
• predator avoidance?

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Rodentia community ecology

• habitat selection ?coexistence

Heteromyidae genus Chaetodipus sandy soil
species w/o rump spines coarse substrates w/
rump spines
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Rodentia community ecology

• habitat selection

Muridae genus Peromyscus P. crinitus on
rocks P. truei in pinon-juniper woodland
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Rodentia community ecology

• habitat selection

Muridae genus Peromyscus P. maniculatus (deer
mouse) ultimate generalist!
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Rodentia community ecology

• activity patterns effect of moonlight
• predator avoidance

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Rodentia community ecology

• keystone species Dipodomys spectabilis

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Rodentia epidemiology

• emerging DANGEROUS viruses??

Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
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Rodentia epidemiology

• emerging DANGEROUS viruses??

rodent / hantavirus ? long history of
co-evolution
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Rodentia epidemiology

• rodents, fleas, and plague

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Rodentia epidemiology

• rodents, fleas, and plague

sylvatic reservoirs prairie dogs (Cynomys),
and rodents using their burrows
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Rodentia hibernation and torpor

• seasonal or daily physiological decrease
• in metabolic rate

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Rodentia hibernation and torpor
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Rodentia biogeography

• Beringia periodic Miocene - Pleistocene
• dispersal route

voles Microtus, Clethrionomys squirrels
Glaucomys, Marmota
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Rodentia biogeography

• Great American Interchange ?
• explosive adaptive radiation
• Cricetidae
• Neotominae North America
• 16 genera, 124 species
• Sigmodontinae South America (mostly)
• 74 genera, 377 species

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Neotominae North America 16 genera, 124 species
Neotoma woodrats
Peromyscus deer mouse, etc.
Onychomys grasshopper mice
Reithrodontomys harvest mice
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Sigmodontinae South America (mostly) 74 genera,
377 species
Phyllotis leaf-eared mice
Oligoryzomys rice rats
Sigmodon cotton rats North American
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Muriodea Muridae or Cricetidae New World mice,
rats, voles, lemmings
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Arvicolinae North America voles
Mircotus lots of species
Phenacomys heather and tree voles
Clethrionomys red-backed voles
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Dipodoidea Dipodidaejumping mice (Zapus)
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Geomyoidea Geomyidae pocket gophers Heteromyid
ae kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket
mice
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Geomyoidea Geomyidae pocket gophers
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Geomyoidea Heteromyidae kangaroo rats,
kangaroo mice, pocket mice
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Castoridae Beavers
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Sciuridae Squirrels, Chipmunks,
Marmots, Prairie dogs
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Rodent phylogenyNorth American taxa
Caviomorpha Erethizontidae porcupines
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Rodentia all for now