HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
THE GOOD
THE BAD
THE UGLY
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ANDREW BERGTORONTO FIRE SERVICES
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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Objectives
• Enhance your understanding of the complexity of
  the ICs realm
• Foresee the need the develop IMPs effectively
  and efficiently especially when dealing with
  large scale operations
• Share the vast knowledge that is within our ranks
  so that we may become better as one

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
New York City Pop 8.1 mil Bldgs 5,497
Toronto Pop 2.5 mil Bldgs 1,655
Chicago Pop 2.8 mil Bldgs 1,049
Emporis July 2006
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Toronto, Canada2 Forest Laneway 30-Story January
2005 6 Fatalities
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Houston, United StatesFour Leaf Towers 40-Story
October 2001 1FF/1Civilian Fatality
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Chicago, United StatesCook County Bldg 35-Story
October 2003 6 Fatalities
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Caracas, Venezuela56-Story October 2004
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Chicago, United StatesLaSalle Bank Bldg
45-Story Dec 2004
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Madrid, SpainWindsor Bldg 32 Story Feb 2005
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CURRENT TRENDS IN FIRE SERVICE

• Increased use of
• Synthetics, chemicals
• Lightweight construction

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CURRENT TRENDS IN FIRE SERVICE

• Increased use of specialization
• Haz Mat
• Technical Rescue
• EMS and Defibrillation

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CURRENT TRENDS IN FIRE SERVICE

• Greater need for incident scene analysis,
  management and safety
• Our jobs are/must expand to meet public needs

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FOCUS ON INCIDENT SCENE MANAGEMENT

• IC cant attend to all job functions
  simultaneously
• IC needs assistance to perform efficiently

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The Problem is Information Overload!!How much
INFORMATION can be EFFECTIVELY processed
SIMULTANEOUSLY?

• Applicable standards describe IC responsibilities
  
• (NFPA 1500, 1561)
• Most functions occur in the first 15 minutes

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The Problem is Information Overload!!How much
INFORMATION can be EFFECTIVELY processed
SIMULTANEOUSLY?

• The IC can not
• Attend to all these functions
• Process the information from multiple inputs
• Be effective

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THE FIRST 5 MINUTES

• IC must listen to all radio communications
• reports from the first arriving Captains provide
  the basis for the ICs strategy
• able to form a mental image of fire scene
• Impressions made en route can affect outcomes

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• Royal Trust Tower
• 77 King St W
• 27 August 04

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• Built 1969
• 183 m
• 600 ft
• 46 Flrs
• 3,000 people

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• 1500hrs
• 1st Alarm
• 3 Engines
• 1 Truck
• 1 Heavy Rescue
• Battalion Chief

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• 2nd Alarm
• 3 Engines
• 1 RIT Engine
• 1 Truck
• 1 Heavy Rescue
• 1 Haz Mat Unit
• Air Light
• Battalion Chief
• Platoon Chief
• Command Unit

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE
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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE
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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE
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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• 1830hrs
• Bldg all clear??

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• Cause Lightning Strike

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• The Good
• Adequate resources
• Good size up by First In Officers

6 x 4
3 x 3/4
2 x 3/4
BC FIT x 2
PC FIT
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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• The Bad
• Disabled HVAC system
• Smoke migration
• Mushroom effect
• Time and resources required to meet objectives

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• The Ugly
• Human responses to situation
• Civilians still unsure of actions to be taken
• If no signs visible Nothing triggers panic
  button
• Just another false alarm
• This just doesnt happen

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• The Ugly
• Was the building All Clear?
• Upon further review !!
• Employer deadlines are priorities?!!

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ANATOMY OF A HIGH RISE FIRE

• Solutions
• Pre Plan
• Be Proactive
• Follow Procedures
• SOPs
• IMS
• Incident specific vs Incident driven?

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Scene Management
• Number of Apparatus on Initial
• Number of Personnel on Initial
• Additional Alarms Resources
• Time till arrival?
• Size up
• Following SOPs

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Time Management
• A resource all ICs must possess
• Command Presence
• Bring control to the organized chaos
• Provide a distinct air of authority
• Leadership a character trait not a position

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Solutions
• The plan must be known to all
• Identify objectives for each agency
• Confirm those objectives
• Provide a means for Plan B
• Identify Key Building Representatives
• Dont let them out of your sight!

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION

• Summer of 2003
• Level 2 Haz Mat call for gas leak in intersection
• 2 Engines
• Haz Mat Unit
• Ladder Truck
• Heavy Rescue
• Battalion Chief

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION

• On Arrival
• 4 gas main broken in middle of intersection
• Construction crew report no fire
• Immediate upgrade to 2nd Alarm
• Police to shut down city quadrant ASAP

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION
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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• One Financial Place
• Built 1991
• 30 Story
• 610,000 sq ft
• 1,500 employees

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION
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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION

• Proximity of buildings around leak
• HVAC systems drawing in fumes
• Transit
• Subway
• Possible ignition source
• PATH system underground network
• Upgrade to 3rd Alarm
• Immediate regroup and assess priorities

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION
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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION
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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION
PATH Network
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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION

• Interoperability Unified Command
• Agencies Involved
• Toronto Police
• Toronto Emergency Medical Services
• Toronto Hydro
• Ontario Hydro
• Building Management
• Building Occupants

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION

• Toronto Police Services
• Familiar with IMS
• Provide traffic redirection
• Enforce scene security
• Assist in issuing evacuation orders
• Familiar with TFS operations

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HIGH RISE LARGE SCALE EVACUATION

• Toronto Emergency Medical Services
• Provide on scene medical
• Firefighters
• Civilians
• On site Triage
• Ambu-bus
• Capability to transport large s
• Familiar with TFS operations

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Toronto Transit Commission
• Moves thousands per hour
• - profit driven
• Extremely reluctant to shut down
• Limited knowledge of TFS operations

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Direct Energy/Enbridge Gas
• Expertise and knowledge
• Equipment and resources
• Provide means to reduce burden on IC
• Very limited knowledge in TFS operations

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Hydro
• Toronto
• Ontario
• Expertise and knowledge
• Equipment and resources
• Personnel are not trained in IMS
• Unfamiliar with TFS operations

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

• Inter-non-operability
• Toronto Police
• No Mutual Comms
• Toronto Emergency Medical Services
• No Mutual Comms
• Toronto Hydro
• No Comms outside inner dispatch
• Ontario Hydro
• No Comms outside inner dispatch
• Building Management
• Walkie Talkies
• Building Occupant
• No Comms

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HIGH RISE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
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SUMMARY

• Solutions
• Training
• Training
• Training
• Within Department
• Outside Department
• Agencies that respond with you

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SUMMARY

• Within Department
• Revised IMS Document Feb 2004
• Detailed RIT Response
• Mayday
• Dedicated Channel
• Detailed High Rise Response
• Communications
• Use of multiple channels

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SUMMARY

• Within Department (contd)
• E-Learning (Sets and Reps)

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Apparatus Positioning / Crew Deployment (3 vs 4
FFs) / Equipment required?
Alarm Level?
Strategy Offensive / Defensive / Marginal?
Primary Life Hazards / Stairwells / Upper Floors?
First Hose line / Size / Destination?
Staging Requirements?
Ventilation / When / Where / Type?
Elevator considerations?
Fire Spread Considerations / Interior / Exterior?
IMS Considerations / Lobby Control / Entry / RIT
/ Account./ Sectoring / Air Management / Rehab?
Worst case scenario?
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Apparatus Requirements?
Alarm Level based on 360 size up?
Product Identification requirements?
Outside Agencies required?
Fire Attack Strategies/Master Streams?
Perimeter/Zone Requirements FF and Public?
Environmental Concerns/Product Migration?
Worst case scenario?
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• Pumper ___ has arrived ___
• Working Fire
• Garage of a two story detached dwelling
• Pumper ___ is advancing a 38mm
• Pumper ___ Captain is in (mode?) command,
• PAR ___
• Discussion What resources (TFS or other) would
  you request?
• What directions should be relayed to incoming
  apparatus?

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SUMMARY

• Within Department (contd)
• Career Development Courses
• Acting Captains
• Acting Battalion Chiefs
• Battalion Chiefs
• In-Depth look at Strategies and Tactics
• All tools available within IMS

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SUMMARY

• Within Department (contd)
• Command School
• Combine all elements under one roof

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SUMMARY

• Outside Department
• Liaison with
• Police
• EMS
• TTC
• 2hr Course on TFS Operations

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THANK YOU