CompuServe Proposal to JP Morgan

1
Network Management and the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
2
Objectivesat the end of this session you should
be able to

• describe what network management is and does,
• describe why someone would use network
  management,
• describe what is needed to use network
  management,
• describe the basic elements of SNMP

3
Network Management Functional Requirements as
defined by ISO

• Abbreviated FCAPS
• Fault management
• Configuration management
• Accounting management
• Performance management
• Security management

4
ISO Network Management Architecture
CMIP
Fault management
Performance management
Configuration management
Accounting management
Security management
5
So what is Network Management? Really.

• ability to remotely check and/or reconfigure
  network devices
• ability to remotely monitor network devices
• ability to build a data base of network activity
• ability to remotely set traps and alarms on
  network devices

6
Who developed which network management
standard?(And why are there so many?)

• ISO - CMIP and CMIS
• IAB - SNMP, SNMPv2, RMON, CMOT
• IEEE - CMOL

7
Who developed SNMP?

• Jeffrey D. Case, Mark Fedor, Martin Schoffstall,
  and James Davin designed SNMP and wrote the SNMP
  RFCs.
• Marshall Rose and Keith McCloghrie wrote the SMI
  and the MIBs
• SNMP Version 1 developed in 1988
• SNMP Version 2 developed in 1993, updated in 1996
• RMON developed in 1991, Token Ring extensions to
  RMON in 1993

8
Why use network management?

• Proactive
• remote configuration
• network profiling
• determine average use of network (baseline)
• protocol distribution
• traffic patterns
• modeling changes to the network

9
Why use network management?

• Reactive
• be alerted to problems in the network
• diagnose problems
• automatically shutdown improperly performing
  devices
• Interactive
• interactive troubleshooting (RMON)

10
Why (not) use network management?

• Inactive management
• untrained staff
• no staff
• budget priorities

11
What is required for any network management
system?

• Network management console
• Managed device
• Network management agent
• Network management protocol

12
Network Management Architecture Model
Network device
Network device
NM Protocol
NMS
Agent
protocol stack and device drivers
protocol stack and device drivers
Internetwork
13
Where is network management used?

• Local Area Networks
• Wide Area Networks
• Out-of-band management

14
When should one use network management?

• Size of network
• Value of work performed over network
• Complexity of network
• Staff limitations

15
How do you use network management?

• Network management hardware
• management console
• manageable devices
• Network management software
• Network management specialist(s)
• Network management plan!

16
Focus on SNMP

• SNMP Design Definition
• Elements of SNMP NMS their characteristics
• SNMP Operation
• SNMP Commands

17
SNMP Design Definition

• Internet standard RFC-based
• Data items symbolically represented by Management
  Information Base (MIB)
• MIB uses tree metaphor

18
SNMP Design DefinitionThe Tree the OID
Object Identifier 1.3.6.1.2.1.4.3, or
iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ip.ipinReceives
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SNMP Design Definition

• Design criteria
• Simple
• Lightweight
• Low-bandwidth
• Use Existing IP Protocols (Layers 3 4)

20
SNMP Design Definition

• Four Components to Definition
• management protocol
• definition of management information and events
• core set of management information and events
• protocol management mechanisms and approach

21
Focusing on MIBs...

• The MIB is a definition of management information
  and events
• Mythical data base
• MIBs come in two flavors
• public
• private
• Usually--but not always--NMS user is shielded
  from this by GUI

22
Public and Private MIBS...

• Public MIB
• defined by RFCs
• for several different devices
• frequently provided with NMS
• Private MIBs need to be compiled into your NMS
• from manufacturers
• provide access to their features
• sometimes not available to public--or only a
  limited set available

23
Elements of SNMP NMS

• Graphical User Interface
• Meters
• Line Charts
• Component View(s)
• MIB Compiler
• MIB Browser

24
NMS Example-Pie Chart
25
NMS Example-Line Chart
26
NMS Example-FunOMeters
27
NMS Example-Users Line Chart
28
NMS Example-Connections Line Chart
29
NMS Example-Connections by Name
30
NMS Example-Segment Map
31
NMS Example-MIB Browser Part 1
32
NMS Example-MIB Browser Part 2
33
NMS Example-MIB Browser Part 3
34
NMS Manufacturers

• Manager of Managers
• Sun Microsystems Solstice Domain or Site
  Manager
• Hewlett-Packard HP Open View
• IBM NetView NetView 6000
• Running on top of these NMSs are
• cisco cisco Works
• Bay Networks Optivity
• Novells ManageWise
• For NetWare-centric enterprises

35
NMS Model
36
SNMP Operation

• Device initializes agent upon startup
• NMS sends commands to device agents
• Device agents reply to and report to NMS

37
SNMP Commands and Access Levels

• Read or Public
• Read/Write or Private

38
SNMPv1 v2 Commands--All Five of Them!

• Get
• Get-Next
• Get-Response
• Set Request
• Trap

39
Get

• NMS to Agent
• retrieves value of a MIB object

40
Get-Next

• NMS to Agent
• retrieves value of next object in the MIB
• tree-walking
• example routing table (distance-vector)
• ipRouteDest
• ipRouteNextHop
• IpRouteMetric

41
Get-Response

• Agent to NMS
• response to
• Get
• Get-Next
• Set-Request

42
Set-Request

• NMS to Agent
• sets a value on the managed device
• used for
• configuration
• resetting counters

43
Trap

• Agent to NMS
• reports predefined event
• coldStart
• warmStart
• linkDown
• linkUp
• authenticationFailure
• egpNeighborLoss
• enterpriseSpecific

44
SNMPv2 Specific Commands

• InformRequest
• used by one manager to another manager
• GetBulkRequest
• same purpose as Get-Next
• retrieves more data in each packet
• SNMPv2-Trap
• protocol data unit format changed from SNMPv1

45
Buzzwords and Key phrases

• SNMP Station, NMS Station, Management Console
• SNMP-compliant
• cisco routers
• NextNet
• Windows NT
• MIB Browsing, or Walk the Tree
• Compile the MIB for your device
• Public and Private access

46
Printed References

• Rose, Marshall T. The Simple Book, Englewood
  Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, 1991
• Comer, Douglas E. Internetworking with TCP/IP
  Volume 1 Principles, Protocols, and
  Architecture, Englewwod Cliffs, NJ
  Prentice-Hall, 1991.
• Stallings, William. SNMP, SNMPv2, and RMON
  Practical Network Management, Reading, MA
  Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1996
• Stevens, W. Richard. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume
  1 The Protocols, Reading, MA Addison-Wesley
  Publishing Co., 1991.
• Harnedy, Sean. Total SNMP, Exploring the Simple
  Network Management Protocol, Horsham, PA CBM
  Books, 1994.

47
Online References

• //netman.cit.buffalo.edu/Doc/DStevenson/
• //smurfland.cit.buffalo.edu/NetMan/index.html
• //www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/bngusenet/c
  omp/protocols/snmp/top.html
• //www.inforamp.net/kjvallit/t/snmp.html
• //www.snmpinfo.com/simstat.htm
• //www.nmf.org/
• Yahoo
• Vendors
• cisco -Sun -IBM
• BayNetworks -Cabletron -Novell
• Microsoft