Cyc

1
Cyc

• Seven Differences
• between Cyc and Frames Systems

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Overview

• Cyc an ontology editor and more
• CycL more expressive than frames
• OE Editing the ontology
• the traditional way
• through natural language

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More than an ontology editor

• Knowlege Base (KB)
• commonsense knowledge
• not-so-commonsense knowledge
• Inference
• Modus Ponens P implies Q P hence, Q.
• HL modules specialized reasoners
• Natural Language Processing
• parsing English to CycL
• generation CycL to English

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CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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1. Constants not OOP objects

• Constants
• entities OsamaBinLaden, Texas
• collections Pizza, NaturalNumber
• predicates likesAsFriend, isa, genls
• functions GovernmentFn, MotherFn
• quantifiers forAll, thereExists
• The meaning of a constant
• The set of sentences in the KB involving it
• NOT the set of its slot values

6
CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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2. gtbinary predicates in Cyc

• behaviorCapable, for example
• arity 3
• arg1Isa SomethingExisting
• arg2Isa Collection
• arg2Genl Situation-Temporal
• arg3Isa Role
• (behaviorCapable Bill Swimming
  performedBy)

8
CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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3. Quantifiiers in Cyc

• (forAll ?X
• (implies
• (isa ?X Woman)
• (thereExists ?Y (and (isa ?Y Man)
• (loves
  ?Y ?X)))))
• not possible with frames

10
CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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4. Modals in Cyc

• beliefs, for example
• (beliefs Pierre
• (equals SexualArousal Pity))
• (Cyc Assertion 1204909)
• not possible with frames

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CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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5. Meta-Assertions in Cyc

• (salientAssertions Roland
• M(fanOf Roland
• KingCrimson-MusicGroup)))
  
• not possible with frames
• b/c there is no assertion object to refer to

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CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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6. Self-Referentiality

• Assertions about Cyc(L), in Cyc(L)
• arg1Isa, arg2Isa, arity
• Relation, Quantifier, EL-Variable
• SymmetricBinaryPredicate
• InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate
• CycL
• Cyc

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CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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7. Implicit inverses

• Inverses for example
• (mother ?kid ?mom) kids mother is mom
• (motherOf ?mom ?kid) ditto
• so motherOf and mother are inverses
• Can be implicitly represented in CycL
• In a frames system, you have to explicitly
  represent the inverse of every predicate, which
  is wasteful.

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CycL vs. Frames

1. concepts not OOP objects
2. more-than-binary relations
3. quantifiers
4. modals
5. meta-assertions, order infinity (?) logic
6. self-referentiality
7. implicit representation of inverses

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Now lets play