Parcelbased Land Use for Planners

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Parcel-based Land Use for Planners

• North Carolina GIS Conference
• March 1, 2007
• Paul Black, AICP, GISP

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What is Land Use?

• Land use The way land is developed and used in
  terms of the types of activities allowed
  (agriculture, residences, industries, etc.) and
  the size of buildings and structures permitted.
• (Department of Soil Science and Biological and
  Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State
  University, Technical Bulletin 311)

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Land Use reflects human activity (or lack
thereof) and the built environment
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Land Use is NOT Land Cover
land cover - The physical coverage of land,
usually expressed in terms of vegetation cover,
or lack thereof. (Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum)

Trying to do both at the same time leads to
confusion. Upland Hardwood could be any number
of use typesrural residential, city park,
national forest
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Dont Reinvent the Wheel!
Land Based Classification Standards from the
American Planning Association www.planning.org/lbc
s
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Why use the standards?

• Pedigree--Lineage in the 1965 STANDARD LAND USE
  CODING MANUAL sponsored by HUD and the Federal
  Highway Administration
• 5 Classes (Activity, Function, Structure, Site,
  and Ownership) allow great flexibility for data
  users
• Scaleable and Extensible
• Compatibility and Portability across
  jurisdictional boundaries

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5 Basic Ways to Classify Land

• Activity-the actual use of land based on its
  observable characteristics.
• Function-the economic function or type of
  enterprise using the land.
• Structure-the type of structure or building on
  the land.
• Site-the overall physical development character
  of the land.
• Ownership-the relationship between the use and
  its land rights.

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Conceptual Basis for this System
Allows great flexibility within an organization
for de-centralizing upkeep of the
data. Referential (factual stuff) is the heart
of data maintenanceowner name, parcel ID, use,
etc.
Evaluative gets at judgment callsThis water
treatment plant is an essential facility, and
can be related back to the other
data. Prescriptive goes to a planners
heartwhat should beZoning, Future Land Use
(from a land use plan) and the like.
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Activity
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Function
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Structure
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Site
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Ownership
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Extensible and Scaleable
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Compatible and Portable
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Implementation
One way to integrate into your GIS is to tie one
table with all 5 to the parcels
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Implementation
Or have 5 smaller tables do the same thing.
APA has drawn the roadmap for you already!
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How does Land Use relate to Parcels?

• The parcel is a small, standard geography that is
  regularly maintained as part of normal government
  operations, and land use is a key component of
  assessment, planning and other essential
  functions.

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How does LBCS relate to Parcels?

• The 5 categories meet multiple needs. They help
  express the right land use when there are
  multiple uses on a single parcel.

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The Bottom Line

• Whatever the interface, the design of any LBCS
  implementation should be based on ease of
  updating land-use codes.
• Land-use data should not be something one goes to
  collect, but should be a by-product of routine
  operations.

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Implementers in NC

• Wake County (earlier maps) created a battery of
  steps to derive them out of the appraisal data.
• Because the entry of the parcel level appraisal
  data was part of daily operations, the scripts
  that derive the classes just need to be checked
  for consistency from time to time.
• This conforms to the general philosophy that
  use needs to be part of standard operations.

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Implementers in NC

• Other jurisdictions also use them in their zoning
  ordinances, but not yet in their GIS (This is
  from City of Sanford/Lee County Unified
  Development Ordinance).

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Why use the standards?

• Pedigree--Lineage in the 1965 STANDARD LAND USE
  CODING MANUAL sponsored by HUD and the Federal
  Highway Administration
• 5 Classes (Activity, Function, Structure, Site,
  and Ownership) allow great flexibility for data
  users
• Scaleable and Extensible
• Compatibility and Portability across
  jurisdictional boundaries

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5 Basic Ways to Classify Land

• Activity-the actual use of land based on its
  observable characteristics.
• Function-the economic function or type of
  enterprise using the land.
• Structure-the type of structure or building on
  the land.
• Site-the overall physical development character
  of the land.
• Ownership-the relationship between the use and
  its land rights.

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Questions?

• http//www.planning.org/lbcs/
• Paul Black, AICP, GISP
• Triangle J Council of Governments
• pblack_at_tjcog.org