Description OWL Document

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Description OWL Document

• Description of a OWL document on
• Ontologia UniBo in RDF/OWL Raffinamento
• schema metadati

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• The OWL Web Ontologoy Language is a language for
• defining and instantiating Web ontologies.
• Ontology is a term borrowed from philosophy that
  refers to
• the science of describing the kinds of entities
  in the world and
• how they are related.
• An OWL ontology may include descriptions of
  classes,
• properties and their instances.
• Given such an ontology, the OWL formal semantics
  specifies
• how to derive its logical consequences, i.e.
  facts not literally
• present in the ontology, but entailed by the
  semantics.
• These entailments may be based on a single
  document or
• multiple distributed documents that have been
  combined
• using defined OWL mechanisms.

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• The OWL language provides three
• increasingly expressive sublanguages
• designed for use by specific communities of
• implementers and users.

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• OWL Lite supports those users primarily
• needing a classification hierarchy and simple
• constraint features. For example, while OWL
• Lite supports cardinality constraints, it only
• permits cardinality values of 0 or 1. It
• should be simpler to provide tool support for
• OWL Lite than its more expressive relatives,
• and provide a quick migration path for
• thesauri and other taxonomies

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• OWL DL supports those users who want the maximum
• expressiveness without losing computational
  completeness (all
• entailments are guaranteed to be computed) and
  decidability
• (all computations will finish in finite time) of
  reasoning
• systems. OWL DL includes all OWL language
  constructs with
• restrictions such as type separation (a class can
  not also be an
• individual or property, a property can not also
  be an individual
• or class). OWL DL is so named due to its
  correspondence with
• description logics Description Logics, a field
  of research that
• has studied a particular decidable fragment of
  first order logic.
• OWL DL was designed to support the existing
  Description
• Logic business segment and has desirable
  computational
• properties for reasoning systems.

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• OWL Full is meant for users who want maximum
• expressiveness and the syntactic freedom of RDF
• with no computational guarantees. For example, in
  
• OWL Full a class can be treated simultaneously as
  a
• collection of individuals and as an individual in
  its
• own right. Another significant difference from
  OWL
• DL is that a owlDatatypeProperty can be marked
• as an owlInverseFunctionalProperty. OWL Full
• allows an ontology to augment the meaning of the
• pre-defined (RDF or OWL) vocabulary. It is
  unlikely
• that any reasoning software will be able to
  support
• every feature of OWL Full.

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• Every legal OWL Lite ontology is a legal OWL DL
  ontology.
• Every legal OWL DL ontology is a legal OWL Full
  ontology.
• Every valid OWL Lite conclusion is a valid OWL DL
  conclusion.
• Every valid OWL DL conclusion is a valid OWL Full
  conclusion.

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• Before we can use a set of terms, we need a
• precise indication of what specific vocabularies
  are
• being used. A standard initial component of an
• ontology includes a set of XML namespace
• declarations enclosed in an opening rdfRDF tag.
• These provide a means to unambiguously interpret
• identifiers and make the rest of the ontology
• presentation much more readable. A typical OWL
• ontology begins with a namespace declaration
• similar to the following. Of course, the URIs of
  the
• defined ontologies will not usually be w3.org
• references.

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Example

• ltrdfRDF
• xmlns "http//www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-
  guide-20040210/wine"
• xmlnsvin "http//www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-
  guide-20040210/wine"
• xmlbase "http//www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-
  guide-20040210/wine"
• xmlnsfood"http//www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-
  guide-20040210/food"
• xmlnsowl "http//www.w3.org/2002/07/owl"
• xmlnsrdf "http//www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-s
  yntax-ns"
• xmlnsrdfs"http//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-sche
  ma"
• xmlnsxsd "http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  gt

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• The most basic concepts in a domain should
• correspond to classes that are the roots of
• various taxonomic trees. Every individual in
• the OWL world is a member of the class
• owlThing. Thus each user-defined class is
• implicitly a subclass of owlThing. Domain
• specific root classes are defined by simply
• declaring a named class. OWL also defines
• the empty class, owlNothing.

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• The fundamental taxonomic
• constructor for classes is rdfssubClassOf. It
• relates a more specific class to a more
• general class. If X is a subclass of Y, then
• every instance of X is also an instance of Y.
• The rdfssubClassOf relation is transitive. If
• X is a subclass of Y and Y a subclass of Z
• then X is a subclass of Z.

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• In our OWL Document the Root is
• Object.

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• And the subclasses of Object are
• Document
• Event
• Location
• Organization
• Person
• Project
• ResearchTopic.

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Object
Research Topic
Project
Event
Document
Organization
Person
Location
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• The subclassess of Document are
• Correspondence
• Lecture
• Manuscript
• Publication
• Web Resource.

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Document
Correspondence
Publication
Lecture
WebResource
Manuscript
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• One more time Correspondence contain
• Discussion
• Email
• Letter
• PostCard
• NewsGroup

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Correspondence
NewsGroup
Postcard
Letter
Email
Discussion
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• while Publication contain
• Article
• Book
• Dictionary
• Editorial
• Manual
• NewsItem
• Periodical
• Regulation
• Specification
• Thesis

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Publication
Thesis
Regulation
Article
Specification
Book
Dictionary
Periodical
NewsItem
Manual
Editorial
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• The subclasses of Article are
• ArticleInBook,
• ConferencePaper,
• JournalArticle,
• TechnicalReport,
• WorkshopPaper.

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Article
TechnicalReport
ArticleInBook
WorkshopPaper
JournalArticle
ConferencePaper
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• The subclasses of Periodical are
• Journal,
• Magazine,
• NewsLetter,
• NewsPaper.

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Periodical
NewsPaper
NewsLetter
Magazine
Journal
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• The subclasses of Thesis are
• DoctorialThesis,
• MasterThesis,
• OldCourseThesis,
• SpecialistThesis,
• Three_yearsThesis.

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Thesis
OldCourseThesis
DoctorialThesis
Three_yearsThesis
SpecialistThesis
MasterThesis
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• The subclasses of Web Resource are
• GuideLine
• WebPage
• - Home Page

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Web Resource
WebPage
GuideLine
HomePage
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• The Event class contain
• Activity,
• Conference,
• Course,
• Meeting,
• SpecialIssueEvent,
• Workshop.

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Event
SpecialIssueEvent
Workshop
Meeting
Conference
Activity
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• The subclasses of Activity are
• Process,
• Recreation.

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Activity
Recreation
Process
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• The Location class contain
• AdministartiveLocation
• - OfficeLocation,
• EducationLocation,
• ResearchLocation
• - LaboratoryLocation.

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Location
ResearchLocation
AdministrativeLocation
EducationLocation
OfficeLocation
LaboratoryLocation
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• The subclasses of EducationLocation are
• DepartementLocation,
• IstituteLocation,
• ProfessorLocation,
• SchoolLocation,
• UniversityLocation.

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EducationLocation
UniversityLocation
ProfessorLocation
SchoolLocation
IstituteLocation
DepartementLocation
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• The Organization class contain
• AdministartiveOrganization
• - SupportOffice,
• EducationOrganization,
• ResearchOrganization
• - Laboratory.

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Organization
ResearchOrganization
AdministrativeOrganization
EducationOrganization
SupportOffice
Laboratory
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• The subclasses of EducationOrganization are
• Departement,
• Istitute,
• Program,
• School,
• ResearchGroup,
• University.

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EducationOrganization
Program
ResearchGroup
University
Istitute
School
Departement
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• The Person class contain
• Employee
• Student

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Person
Student
Employee
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• The subclasses of Employee are
• AdministrativeStaff,
• AccademicStaff.

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Employee
AccademicStaff
AdministrativeStaff
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• The subclasses of AccademicStaff are
• Assistant,
• Professor,
• Researcher,
• Doctor.

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AccademicStaff
Assistant
Researcher
Doctor
Professor
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• The subclasses of Professor are
• AssociateProfessor,
• ContractProfessor,
• EmeritProfessor,
• ExtraordinaryProfessor,
• Lecturer_another_head_office,
• PermanentProfessor,
• VisitingProfessor.

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Professor
ExtraordinaryProfessor
AssociateProfessor
ContractProfessor
VisitingProfessor
PermanentProfessor
EmeritProfessor
Lecturer_another_head_office
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• The subclasses of AdministrativeStaff are
• Director,
• Secretary,
• SystemStaff,
• TechnicalStaff.

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AdministrativeStaff
TechnicalStaff
SystemStaff
Secretary
Director
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• The subclasses of Student are
• OldCourseStudent,
• SpecialistStudent,
• Tree_yearsStudent.

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Student
Tree_yearsStudent
SpecialistStudent
OldCourseStudent
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• The Project class contain
• DevelopmentProject,
• ResearchProject.

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Project
ResearchProject
DevelopmentProject