Joints

1
Joints

• Articulations, or joints, perform 2 functions
• Hold bones together
• Allow rigid skeletal system flexibility for
  movement
• Can be classified structurally or functionally

• Structural Categories
• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial
• Functional Categories
• Synarthroses
• Amphiarthroses
• Diarthroses

2
Synarthroses Joints

• Immovable joints
• Connected by
• Sutures (bones interlock)
• Syndesmoses (bones connected by ligaments)
• Examples skull, teeth (gomphosis)

3
Amphiarthroses

• Slightly movable joints
• Primarily
• Symphyses bones connected by flat disc
  (fibrocartilage)
• Synchondroses bones connected by hyaline
  cartilage

4
Diarthroses

• Freely Movable joints
• All synovial joints are diarthroses
• Ball Socket
• Ball shaped head of 1 bone fits cuplike
  depression of another bone
• Ex. shoulder, hip joints

5
Diarthrotic Joints

• Plane/Gliding Joint
• Allow sliding movements in 1-2 planes
• Ex. intercarpal/intertarsal joints
  vertebrocostal joints
• Hinge Joint
• Convex of 1 bone fits concave surface of another
  bone
• Ex. elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints
• Saddle Joint
• Articulating surfaces are convex concave
• Thumb joint

• Pivot Joint
• Round/conical surface of 1 bone articulates with
  shallow depression in another bone
• Allow uniaxial rotation
• Ex. Atlas/Axis Joint
• Condyloid Joint
• Oval condyle of 1 bone fits ellipsoidal
  depression in another bone
• Allows biaxial movement
• Ex. wrist joint, metacarpalphalangeal joint

6
Joints of the Upper Extremity

• Shoulder Joint
• Glenohumeral Joint
• Sternoclavicular Joint
• Acromioclavicular Joint
• Elbow Joint
• Radiohumeral joint
• Humeroulnar Joint
• Radioulnar Joint (x2 Proximal Distal)

• Wrist
• Radiocarpal joint
• Intercarpal joints
• Carpalmetacarpal joints
• Hand
• Intermetacarpal joints
• Metacarpalphalangeal joints
• Interphalangeal joints

7
Joints of the Lower Extremity

• Sacroiliac Joint
• Coxal (hip) Joint
• Patellofemoral Joint
• Tibiofemoral Joint
• Tibiofibular Joint (x2 Proximal Distal)

• Ankle/Foot
• Talocrural Joint
• Subtalar Joint
• Intertarsal Joints
• Tarsometatarsal Joint
• Intermetatarsal Joints
• Metatarsophalangeal Joints
• Interphalangeal Joints