Its Breathtaking

1
Its Breathtaking!

• Glycolysis, Respiration and Fermentation

2
Photosynthesis

• Autotrophs trap some energy from the sun in the
  form of chemical bonds to produce glucose through
  photosynthesis.
• Glucose is a 6-Carbon sugar produced in
  photosynthesis in the following reaction

3
Photosynthesis
light
6 CO2 6 H2O ----gt C6H12O6 6 O2
Carbon dioxide
----gt
Water
Glucose
Oxygen


Carbon dioxide and water are taken in from the
external environment of the plant and in the
presence of light, which provides energy to
create chemical bonds, forms two separate
compounds Glucose and Oxygen gas.
4
Glycolysis

• Literally means glucose-breaking
• A series of enzymes catalyzes chemical reactions
  that change glucose, one step at a time, into
  different molecules
• The net equation for glycolysis is as follows

5
Glycolysis
C6H12O6 6 O2 ----gt 6 CO2 6 H2O
Carbon Dioxide

----gt

Glucose
Oxygen
Water
If glucose is broken down completely in the
presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are
produced.
This reaction gives off 3811 calories per gram
of glucose! Remember that a
Calorie 1000 calories
6
Respiration

• Respiration the process that involves oxygen
  and breaks down food molecules to release energy.
• Aerobic process with oxygen (requires O2)
• Uses pyruvic acid formed in an intermediate step
  of Glycolysis.
• Breaks down pyruvic acid and captures the
  remaining energy from Glycolysis in the form of
  34 ATP molecules.
• ATP energy (energy containing molecules)

7
Fermentation

• Fermentation anaerobic process without O2
• Allows the cell to carry out energy production in
  the absence of oxygen.

8
Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Pyruvic acid that is produced from glycolysis can
  be converted to lactic acid lactic acid
  fermentation
• Produces the burn during anaerobic exercise
• Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the following
  reaction
• Occur in bacteria and us when the body is
  deprived of oxygen.
• Pyruvic acid NADH ? lactic acid NAD

9
Alcoholic Fermentation

• Another type of fermentation occurs in yeasts and
  a few other organisms.
• Pyruvic acid is broken down to produce alcohol
  and carbon dioxide.
• Pyruvic acid NADH ? alcohol CO2 NAD