Congratulations with the 75th anniversary

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Congratulations with the 75th anniversary the
best wishes for future
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Current directions of research in nuclear
physics at PNPI RAS V.Samsonov
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Pertersburg Nuclear Physics Institute RAS
PIK
PNPI
SS-1000
PIK
WWR-?
???
1828 employees, among them Doctor of science
73 PhD 281 Engineers and researchers 794
SS-1000
Proton therapy
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Research nuclear reactor WWR-M
Main characteristics Power 18 MW Thermal
neutron flux 4?1014 n/sm2sec Horizontal
experimental channels 17 Vertical experimental
channels 18 Working time per year 3000 hours
WWR-M
Old experimental hall
New experimental hall
Hall of UCN
Hall of VCN
Hall of CN
Hall of ThN
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Research nuclear reactor PIK
Horizontal, inclined and vertical channels
Main characteristics Power 100 MW Thermal
neutron flux 5?1015 n/sm2sec Horizontal
channels 13 Inclined and vertical channels
14 Neutron guide channels- 8
Neutron Guide Hall
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General view of horizontalneutron beam hall
Installing equipment ofcircuitintermediate
cooling of reactor
Tank of reactor
Emergency heat removalpumps
Hall hardware of special ventilation
Research nuclear reactor PIK (now)
General view of uncleanedneutron beam hall
Hall hardware of light water cleaning
Wault of reactor
Technological hall
Technological hall
Central control room
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Synchrocyclotron
Main characteristics Energy of protons
1GeV Proton beam intensity 1 µkA Secondary beam
intensity up to 1,6x107/sec Secondary beam
intensity up to 3x105/sec Secondary neutron
beam intensity -3x1014/sec Working time per year
3600 hours
Accelerators building
New medical hall
neutron beam
Accelerator (linear)
Experimental hall
Synchrocyclotron
Proton beam 1 GeV
Proton beams
Proton beam 80-230?eV
New cyclotron
?-meson beams
Medical building
p-meson beams
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The elementary particle and nuclear physics
investigations in the PNPI are performed by
divisions

• Theory (Director-L.Lipatov) founded by V.
  Gribov, main research directions QCD (DGLAP,
  BFKL), nuclear physics, condensed matter, physics
  of nuclear reactors
• Neutron (Director-V.Fedorov) main research
  directions physics of neutron, condensed matter,
  physics of nuclear reactors. International
  projects at PSI, Grenoble..
• High Energy (Director-A.Vorobyov) main research
  directions elementary particle physics, nuclear
  physics, ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.
  International projects-COSY(ANKE), HERA(HERMES),
  FNAL(D0), BNL(PHENIX,STAR), ELSA(CBD),
  PSI(MuCAP,MuLAN), GSI(PANDA,CBM,NuSTAR)
  CERN(ATLAS,CMS,LHCb,ALICE)

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BNL ???
Neutron Research Division

• Research directions
• nuclear and elementary particles physics
• condensed state physics
• properties of nanosystems
• radiation physics of materials
• physics and engineering of reactors
• new methods and experimental
• equipment

Experimental set-ups at reactor ILL
Experimental set-ups at reactor WWR-?
ILL France
VVR-? PNPI RAS
Reactor ILL
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Physics of neutron
CP-violation, Electric dipole moment (EDM) of
neutron, Neutron mirror neutron oscillations,
Neutron lifetime, Neutron electric charge,
Inertial to gravitational mass ratio, Ultra cold
neutrons (UCN)
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The neutron EDM experiment at PNPI (1970-2006)
?dn? lt 9.7?10-26 e?cm (90 C.L.) (1989,
PNPI )
?dn? lt 3 ?10-26 e?cm (90 C.L.) (2006 , ILL
RAL-Sussex-PNPI)
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2007
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The neutron lifetime experiment at PNPI
(1987-2007)
PNPI -JINR -PSI-ILL TUM
tn 888.43.11.1 (PNPI, 1992)
tn (878,5 ? 0,7st ? 0,3syst) ? Gravitrap
result, 2004
Setup for the measurement of n-lifetime at ILL
(level D)
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Diffraction experiment for the neutron EDM
search PNPI (Gatchina, Russia) ? ILL (Grenoble,
France)
Current nEDM sensitivity 1.6 10-23 e cm per day
(dn(6 6)10-24 e cm.) We can get 2.9 ? 10-25e
cm per day
The electric field affected the neutron in the
noncentrosymmetric (NCS) quartz crystal was
measured first using the depolarization effect at
the WWR-M reactor (PNPI, 2000)
Eg2.2 108 V/cm
Experimental estimation of the sensitivity to
measure EDM for the PF1B beam at ILL reactor
(ILL, 2003) 6 ?10-25 e ? cm per day (the same
as for UCN method)
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Crystal diffraction method to measure neutron
electric charge and inertial to gravitational
mass ratio
The close to p/2 Laue diffraction is extremely
sensitive instrument for the investigation of
fundamental neutron interaction.
Resolution to the external field can be
better 10-13 eV/cm and sensitivity gt 10-18 eV/cm,
(10-9 g)
d(mi/mG) 10-6 d(en) 10-23e
About 100 times better than current value
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High Energy Physics Division
CERN Switzerland

• Research directions
• high energy physics
• relativistic nuclear physics
• low and intermediate energy physics
• condensed state physics
• physics and engineering of accelerators
• radiation medicine
• new methods and experimental equipment

IHEP Russia
DESY Germany
BNL USA
JINR Dubna
GSI Germany
FNAL USA
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Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes at PNPI
Collaboration

• Russian laboratories
• Institute of Spectroscopy RAS
• Foreign laboratories
• CERN, ISOLDE, Switzerland.
• GANIL, SPIRAL-II, France.
• LNL (Legnaro), SPES, Italy.
• LNS (Catania), EXIT, Italy.
• Orsay (Paris), ALTO, France.
• EURISOL (International collaboration).
• TRIUMF (Canada) - preliminary interested in
  research and
• developments of UC target of high density.

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Chart of Nuclides
IRIS PNPI
IRIN project
PNPIISOLDE
Investigation of rare nuclei at IRIS facility

• Mean-square charge radii and electromagnetic
• moments measurements by laser
• resonance spectroscopy

• New target system developments

• New ion source and efficient methods of
• laser resonance ionization developments

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IRIS facility at PNPI (from 1975)
ISOLDE facility at CERN ISOLDEPNPI collaboration

• More than 300 nuclei have been investigated, 17
  first identified
• Systematic investigations of Gamow-Teller
  resonances of neutron deficient nuclei have been
  made.
• Values Q? of decay energy more than 60 nuclides
  have been measured (for 32 for the first time),
  that allowed to determine the masses of a number
  of very far from stability nuclei.
• In the region of neutron deficient rare-earth
  isotopes the area of proton drip-line have been
  firstly identified.
• Mean square charge radii and electromagnetic
  moments for more than 120 rare-earth nuclides
  have been measured by the resonance ionization
  and the collinear laser spectroscopy.
• Firstly proposed and applied new method of
  resonance ionization spectroscopy inside the
  laser ion source, made it possible to carry out
  complicate investigations at the production rate
  less than 100 nuclides per second.

Possibility of the laser ionization of more than
30 elements of Periodical Table
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Universal Laser Ionization Spectroscopy System
(ULISS) under construction at IRIS (will be
completed at 2009)
Manufactured and put into operation 1. New
system of Cu-vapour pump lasers 2. Dye laser and
frequency doubler (UV channel) For on-line laser
spectroscopy on Ga, Al, Ca, Ag, In, Tl has
done Frequency scanning system, laser light
transport system For ionization of extra 25
elements additional UV channel is constructed

New efficient targets uranium carbide high
density pills
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Comparison of production efficiency of Fr
isotopes with different half-lives at IRIS and
ISOLDE facilities (IRIS UC HDP target material
inside internal tantalum container)
57 pellets, 25 mm in diameter, 2 mm thickness.
Grain size 5 µm. Uranium mass 700 g. High
temperature tungsten surface ionizer. The target
was normalized at the test bench at T1800 C and
is used for on-line experiments
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Preliminary scheme of ISOL facility IRIN
(Investigations of Radioactive Isotopes on
Neutrons) at the neutron beam of PIK reactor
Calculated yields of ISOL-system PIAFE at ILL
reactor target - 4 g of 235U Neutron flux -
31013 n/?m2sec
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New region of nuclides for laser spectroscopy at
PNPI
?rea of neutron rich nuclei near magic 132Sn
Area of neutron rich nuclei near magic 78Zn
Yields of 132Sn IRIS 5106 ISOLDE 8 107
(IRIN) 1010-1011
Yields of 78Zn IRIS 1105 ISOLDE
1106 (IRIN) 3 107-108
The most interesting objects Te, Sb, Sn (Z50),
In, Cd and Ag with neutron numbers close to N82
In this region (Z28, N50) the most interesting
isotope chains are Ge, Ga, Zn, Cu and Ni for
investigations of nuclear shell effects
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Investigations of Exotic Nuclei are performed by
the PNPI-GSI collaboration in Darmstadt (Since
1993)
In the experiment, performed at GSI, Darmstadt,
the measured elastic small-angle scattering, in
inverse kinematics, of the protons on nuclei 4He,
6He, 8He, 6Li, 8Li, 9Li and 11Li has allowed an
accurate determination of the nuclear size
proving clear evidence for an extended nuclear
matter distribution in 11Li, 6He and 8He. New
measurements with the same experimental
techniques were carried out on B and Be ion
beams at GSI in 2005.
We plan to measure small-angle scattering cross
sections using IKAR for proton scattering on
nuclei of isotopes of B and C (mainly on nuclei
of heavy isotopes). Possible isotopes to be
studied are B 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19 C
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
IKAR
In particular, it is interesting to study the
transition from N8 to N9 13,14,15B,
14,15,16C. Also, 19B, 19C.
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1999-2007
2007
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PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF THE RATE OF MUON
CAPTURE IN HYDROGEN GAS AND DETERMINATION IN
THE PROTONS PSEUDOSCALAR COUPLING gP
µ-p ? n ?
Form-factors of nucleonic weak current
?capture ? gP
gV, gA, gM, gP
Chiral perturbation theory gP 8.260.23
?uCAP gP 7.31.1
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New expriment - MuSun ( 2008-2012)
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Project of new cryogenic ionization chamber for
MuSun experiment to be operated at 35K and 8
bars of deuterium (will be completed at
September 2009)
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PNPI RAS in Heavy Ion experiments
Since1993 BNL, USA
Since 1997 CERN, Switzerland
Since 2003 GSI, Germany
PHENIX
ALICE
CBM
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Motivation

• Study nuclear matter in extreme conditions of
  temperature and density
• QCD calculations predict many unusual properties
  for such matter (see diagram)
• Important for understanding of Universe
  evolution and state of matter in neutron stars

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2000?.
1999?.
1998?.
1996?.
1997?.
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Quark - gluon matter
BNL (USA)

• Discovery of strongly interacting quark - gluon
  plasma (sQGP) at RHIC
• RHIC has started probing properties of the
  strongly interacting, partonic state of dense
  matter
• Initial energy and parton densities
• e gt15 GeV/fm3
• dNg/dy 1000
• Initial temperature
• T0max 400-600 MeV
• Fast thermalization
• 0,2-0,5 fm/?
• Ideal fluid with low viscosity (?/s)
• Such high temperatures and densities are
  unprecedented

PHENIX
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Medium induced modification of spectral shape of
vector mesons?
submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett arXiv0706.3034
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Wire chamber for ALICE Muon Arm
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Wire chamber for ALICE Muon Arm
Dipole
Muon Filter
Trigger
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3
4
4
3
4
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V. Nikulin, GSI, 01-Dec-05
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Proposed starting variant of the CBM
experimental setup
CBM detector ee- setup
CBM detector µµ- setup ?????????
ECAL
TOF
ECAL
TOF
TRD3
TRD3
TRD2
TRD2
TRD1
TRD1
RICH
MuCh
STS
STS
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Measurement of vector mesons in dimuon channel in
the CBM
Central AuAu collisions at 25 AGeV
?, ?, f ? µµ-
J/?, ?' ? µµ-
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PNPI in LHC experiments (CERN, Switzerland)
ATLAS
LHCb
CMS
ALICE
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Assembly of ATLAS TRT detector at PNPI
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Assembly of ?MS CSC detector at PNPI

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Wire chamber for LHCb Muon System
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R3B reactions with relativistic radioactive
beams
EXL exotic nuclei studies at the storage ring
PNPI interest in FAIR experimental programs
GSI
FAIR
ILIMA mass measurements
CBM study of compressed baryonic matter
PAX
PAX measurements with polarized beams of ions
MATS ultra-precise mass measurements and
spectroscopy
PANDA spectrometer for antiproton annihilation
physics
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Thank you for your attention