Air Quality Management in Asia

1
Air Quality Management in Asia

• Chris Hoban
• Manager, Portfolio and Operations, Philippines
• The World Bank
• Better Air Quality 2003
• 17 December, 2003, Manila, Philippines

2
Importance of air pollution

• Rapid urbanization and motorization
• Health and quality of life impacts
• Urban poor are most affected
• Millennium Development Goal environmental
  sustainability

3
The Problem 2000 2001
Source Benchmarking Report on Air Quality in
Asian cities Stage 2, 2003 (forthcoming)
4
Burden of Urban Air Pollutiondisability adjusted
life-years per 1000 people
Latin America
Europe Central Asia
Middle East N. Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
East Asia Pacific
0
5
10
15
Source Lvovsky, 2002
5
Impacts - What do people think in Bangkok?
Out of 643 respondents, 72 residents
consider every day air pollution as the main
environmental problem.
6
We dont want this to become a new fashion
7
Urban Air Pollution Energy Use global
comparison
400
6000
Monitored levels of pollution
350
Energy consumption p.p.
5000
300
4000
250
Annual mean exposure to SP In largest cities, in
ug/m3
Energy consumption per capita (kg of oil
equivalent per person
200
3000
150
2000
100
1000
50
0
0
High incomecountries
China
World
India
Otherlow middle Income countries
Source Lvovsky, 2002
8
Historical perspective for the USA
9
Kuznets Curve, opportunities for cities to
bypass a BAU future for environmental and other
benefitsby developing cost-effective analytical
frameworks, exploring innovative opportunities
and learning from other city experiences...
Pollution
The Kuznets Curve
Per-Capita GDP
10
After a long decline, things can improve
Visibility (km) at Bangkok Airport
11

• Dhaka Two Stroke Phase-out
• PM2.5 concentrations decline 41

12
Some Immediate Priorities

• Phase out two stroke motorcycles
• Manage high polluting buses trucks
• Maintenance esp. commercial vehicles
• Mandatory catalysts - where appropriate
• Control Road Dust
• Dont forget non-transport sources
  industry, burning

13
Policy Institutional Priorities

• Coordinate across sectors
• Public awareness and information e.g. signs
  displaying air quality
• Monitoring update of emission inventories
• Document and value health impacts
• Quantify all sources - e.g. biomass burning
• Learn from others

14
Air Quality Management Importance of
Coordination
15
CAI-Asia Members
CITIES Bangkok,Thailand Chang Mai,Thailand Chengdu
,PRC Chittagong,Bangladesh Chongqing,PRC Colombo,S
ri Lanka Guangzhou,PRC Hangzhou,PRC Hanoi,Viet
Nam Harbin,PRC Ho Chi Minh City,Viet
Nam Hyderabad, India Islamabad,Pakistan Kathmandu,
Nepal Makati,Philippines Mumbai,
India Naga,Philippines Phnom Penh,Cambodia Pune,
India Surabaya,Indonesia Tianjin,PRC Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia Yogjakarta,Indonesia
42 NGOs and Academic Institutions in the Region
Balochistan EPA, Pakistan
NGAsCentral Pollution Control
Board, India Department of Environment,
Bangladesh Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Philippines Department of
Transportation and Communications,
Philippines Dhaka Transport Coordination Board,
Bangladesh Metro Manila Development
Authority,Philippines Ministry of Environment,
Cambodia Ministry of Environment,
Indonesia Ministry of Public Works and Transport,
Cambodia Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways, India Pollution Control Department,
Thailand State Environmental Protection
Administration (PRC focal point) Viet Nam
Register, Viet Nam
FULL PRIVATE SECTOR Member Ford Motor
Shell Company ASSOCIATE PRIVATE SECTOR
Member AVL Corning ACFA
DEKRA Cerulean
EMITEC MAHA SGS IPIECA
ESP
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES Asian Development
Bank Australian Dept. for Environment and
Heritage German Agency for Technical Cooperation
(GTZ) United States Asia Environmental
Partnership World Bank
16
Thank you!