Current Model of the Atom

1
Current Model of the Atom

• current model based on quantum theory
• electrons exist in probability clouds called
  orbitals
• electrons do NOT orbit nucleus in circular
  pattern
• How can we keep track of the electrons?

2
Notation

• Shells are designated by the principal quantum
  number n (n1, n2, etc.) (bigger n means larger
  shell) analogy is floors in apartment building
• Each shell is divided into subshells (called s,
  p, d, f, etc.) (n1 has s n2 has s p n3 has
  s, p, d n4 has s, p, d, f) that tell about
  the shape analogy is apartments on a floor

3
s-orbitals


1s
2s
All s subshells contain a single orbital called
an s orbital. Every s orbital is spherical the
difference between a 1s, 2s, 3s, etc. is the size.
4
p-orbitals
All p subshells contain three orbitals called p
orbitals, one on each of the three axes. Every p
orbital is dumbbell shaped the difference
between 2p, 3p, 4p, etc. is the size.
5
d-orbitals
All d subshells contain five orbitals called d
orbitals. The difference between 3d, 4d, etc.
is the size.
6
Notation

• Shells are designated by the principal quantum
  number n (n1, n2, etc.) (bigger n means larger
  shell) analogy is floors in apartment building
• Each shell is divided into subshells (called s,
  p, d, f, etc.) (n1 has s n2 has s p n3 has
  s, p, d n4 has s, p, d, f) analogy is
  apartments on a floor
• Each subshell contains orbitals (s has 1, p has
  3, d has 5, f has 7) analogy is rooms in an
  apartment
• Each orbital can contain no more than 2 electrons
  (spin up and spin down) analogy is roommates
  in a room

7
An electron configuration shows the distribution
of electrons among the subshells of an atom.
Fill in order shown (max 2 electrons for s, 6 for
p, 10 for d, 14 for f)
6s 6p 6d 6f 5s 5p 5d 5f 4s 4p 4d 4f 3s
3p 3d 2s 2p 1s
8
Give the full electron configuration for. . .
H
1s1
Li
1s22s1
O
1s22s22p4
Ni
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
9
How does Electron Configuration relate to the
Periodic Table?
10
6
2
14
10
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11
Give the full electron configuration for. . .
Li
1s22s1
Na
1s22s22p63s1
K
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
The electrons in the outer most shell are called
the valence electrons. Electrons in the inner
shells are core electrons.
12
Give the electron configuration, and
determine the number of valence electrons for. . .
F
1s22s22p5
P
1s22s22p63s23p3