Properties of Carbon

1
Properties of Carbon

• Forms strong carbon/carbon bonds (catenation)

2. Forms bonds with H, N, O, S, P, and halogens
3. Isomers (structural, geometric, and optical)
4. Many different functional groups possible
5. Hybridization of orbitals
2
C Can Amaze You With Diversity
Consider the number of compounds with the formula
C4H8O.
These are called structural isomerscompounds
with the same
chemical formulas, but
different
ways of connecting the atoms

together to form different

functional groups, or different

compounds with completely
different
chemical and physical
properties.
3
Chemical Diversity of Organic Compounds
4
Four of the Functional Groups
Alcohol group - Hydroxyl group
Ether group
..
..
..
C O H
C O C
..
Alcohol
Ether
Carboxylic acid group
Ester group
..
..
Ester
5
Classes of Hydrocarbons
1. Alkanes
2. Alkenes
3. Alkynes
4. Aromatics
6
More Functional Groups
Alkenes Alkynes Thiols and Disulfides Amines
(primary, secondary, tertiary) Aldehydes Ketones
Amides
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