The Vertebrate Story

1
The Vertebrate Story Group names in quotes do
not represent monophyletic groups. They are names
that are used for convenience in discussing
vertebrate evolution. Groups in quotes often
represent paraphyletic or polyphyletic
assemblages.
2
Fig. 3.04
3
Vertebrata early agnathan vertebrates of
uncertain affinity
Haikouella and Haikouichthys 540mya early
Cambrian
Conodonts 500-210mya late Cambrian late
Triassic
4
Fig. 3.04
5
Vertebrata Agnatha Myxiniformes
6
Vertebrata Agnatha Petromyzontiformes
7
Fig. 3.04
8
Vertebrata Agnatha Ostracoderms
9
Vertebrata Agnatha Ostracoderms
10
Fig. 3.11
11
Gnathostomata Placodermi
12
Gnathostomata Chondrichthyes
Elasmobranchii Holocephali
13
Gnathostomata Chondrichthyes
Elasmobranchii Holocephali
14
Fig. 3.11
15
Fig. 3.15
16
Gnathostomata Teleostomi Acanthodii
Climatius
17
Fig. 3.15
18
Teleostomi Actinopterygii
19
Teleostomi Actinopterygii
20
Teleostomi Actinopterygii Teleostei
21
Fig. 3.15
22
Teleostomi Sarcopterygii Actinistia
Latimeria (Coelacanth)
23
Teleostomi Sarcopterygii Dipnoi
Neoceratodus Australia
Protopterus Africa
Lepidosiren S. America
24
Fig. 3.15
25
Sarcopterygii Ripidistia
Tiktaalik
Eusthenopteron
Panderichthyes
26
Fig. 3.15
27
Fig. 3.21
28
Sarcopterygii Tetrapoda
Acanthostega
29
Sarcopterygii Tetrapoda
30
Fig. 3.21
31
Tetrapoda Amphibia Lissamphibia
Gymnophiona (Apoda) Caecilians
Salientia (Anura) Frogs
Urodela (Caudata) Salamanders
32
Fig. 3.27
33
Tetrapoda Amniota
The cleidoic/amniote egg
34
Amniota Sauropsida Diapsida
Ichthyosauria
Sauropterygia Plesiosauria
Archosauria
Lepidosauria
35
Amniota Sauropsida Diapsida Archosauromorpha/Le
pidosauromorpha? Testudines
36
Amniota Sauropsida Diapsida
Sauropterygia Plesiosauria
Archosauria
Odontochelys semitestacea
37
Amniota Sauropsida Diapsida Archosauria
Dinosauria Saurischia Sauropodomorpha
Crocodilia
Saurischia Theropoda
Pterosauria
Theropoda Aves
Dinosauria Ornithischia
38
Fig. 3.27
39
Amniota Sauropsida Diapsida Lepidosauria
Sphenodontidae
Squamata
40
Fig. 3.27
41
Fig. 3.42
42
Amniota Synapsida
Extinct synapsids
43
Amniota Synapsida Mammalia
Mammalia Monotremata
Theria Eutheria
Mammalia Theria Metatheria