DIAMOND as a Support and Stability Operations Model

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• DIAMOND as a Support and Stability Operations
  Model

Andrew Duck Models and Simulations
Officer Department of the Army,
G2 Andrew.Duck_at_ngc.com
Bernard Hayes C4ISR Analyst Army Intelligence
Master Plan Bernard.Hayes_at_ngc.com
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Agenda

• What is DIAMOND?
• Study Problem
• Validation Method
• Findings
• Unique Capabilities
• Limitations
• Recommended Usage

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What is DIAMOND?

• Diplomatic And Military Operations In a
  Non-warfighting Domain (DIAMOND)
• high-level
• stochastic
• non-Human in the Loop
• fast
• object-oriented simulation
• designed for OOTW
• examines asymmetric relationships, operations and
  threats

Designed by UKs dstl for use as an analysts
tool.
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Study Problem

• The Department of the Army, G2 sponsored a study
  to accredit DIAMOND for use as a Division and
  Corps G2 planning tool.
• The study question was
• Given the appropriate starting conditions and
  behaviors of the various factions involved, can
  DIAMOND replicate the on-going struggle vs.
  Moqtada al-Sadr and the forces/factions loyal to
  al-Sadr?

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Validation Method

• We analyzed four areas
• Object Modeling
• Planning and Analysis
• Combat Modeling
• Simulation

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Object Modeling

• Rated Acceptable
• Highly aggregated model
• Evaluated 4 classes of objects
• Entity - Supports a variety of entity types
• Environment Supports 9 terrain types, but not
  NBC or obscurants
• Facilities Supports key facilities, but not all
  (5/14) (food, water, shelter, hospitals, bridges)
• Equipment Simplistic (Weapon, Sensor,
  Engineers)
• Could not generate number of KIA or WIA
• DIAMOND-US has automated change of relationship
  function that is too simplistic

Evaluated against requirements established in
OneSAF Capability Requirements for the Future
Computer Generated Forces.
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Planning and Analysis

• Rated Acceptable
• Has several unique capabilities
• Plans and missions plans, objectives, missions,
  ROE, with built in delegation algorithms
• Decision Making models commanders sensing,
  perceptions and communications
• Civilian Activities collateral casualties,
  refugees, reconstruction and humanitarian aid
• Built-in delegation algorithm cannot be
  controlled for complex planning
• Models 6 of 15 USAID activities

Evaluated against 11 stability operations
types and 2 support operations types as listed in
FM 3-07, FM 3-07.22, FM 3-0 and FM 3-06.11.
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Combat Modeling

• Rated Not Recommended - Not fully tested
• Test Version of DIAMOND US did not allow weapons
  choices
• Should allow multiple combinations of shooter,
  target, stances and terrain
• Error was reported and will be fixed
• Uses highly aggregated combat model
• BAMS Balanced Analysis and Modelling System
• Uses one strength figure for each unit
• Could not generate number of KIA or WIA
• Stronger unit always wins over weaker unit
• No asymmetric warfare possible
• Recommend federation with high resolution combat
  model

Attempted evaluation against requirements
established in Hartmans Lecture
Notes in Aggregated Combat Modeling and OneSAF
Capability Requirements for the Future Computer
Generated Forces.
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Simulation

• Rated Inconclusive
• Failed Accreditation Test in that it did not
  reproduce activities in Iraq during April 2004
  time frame
• Appears to be capable of performing as designed
  should be an appropriate analysts aid
• Unable to track Coalition Force activities in
  detail
• Relationship change function
• Requires off-line analysis of political-military
  relationship
• Timing of relationship change depends on analyst
  input
• Reconstruction
• Limited due to non-stochastic linear progress
  rate algorithm
• Limitation on facility types

Evaluation against historical performance in
Iraq in April 2004 was outside intended use.
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Unique Capabilities

• DIAMOND has a number of unique capabilities
• Unlimited number of sides
• Automated delegation algorithms
• Time or Event driven
• Sensing, perception and communication models
• Models civilian activities (collateral
  casualties, refugees)
• Models civilian facilities (hospitals, shelter,
  food)
• Strong potential for quick turn analysis

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Limitations

• DIAMOND has a number of limitations
• Highly aggregated
• Not suited for asymmetric warfare
• Not detailed enough for our intended analysis
• Strength definitions unclear
• Combat Modeling
• Does not capture details for Measures of
  Effectiveness (i.e. KIA/WIA)
• Strongest unit always wins
• Does not support WMD scenarios
• Does not model all USAID activities and facilities

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Recommended Use
Recommend use in a federated environment.
Recommend use as an analysts tool during the
planning process.
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CONCLUSION

• QUESTIONS?