Acute appendicitis

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Acute appendicitis
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TB LYMPH NODE
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Introduction

• Chronic Infectious Granulomatous Disease
• Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium bovis

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History

• Egyptian mummies-- 1100 BC
• Hippocrates (5th cent. BC)-- phthisis
• Schonlein 1839 -- Tuberculosis

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Was a major problem in 17th 18th
  centuries----25 of deaths,
• 1882 Robert Koch discovered tubercle bacillus

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Incidence

• 8 to 10 mil. New cases/year in the world,
• 2 to 3 deaths,
• In Africa, Asia, oceania -- 300 cases/
• 100,000 population,
• In USA 1985 --- more--AIDS,
• --- Worse healthcare infrastructure,
• MDR-TB -----72 to 89 deaths,

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Transmission

• Inhalation of droplets/dried residues
• from open cases of pulm. TB,
• Direct inoculation of abraded skin
• (laboratory personnel,)

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Host Response

• Activation of Cell Medicated Immunity
• Pattern of Reaction-
• - Primary Tuberculosis,
• - Secondary Tuberculosis
• Reinfection,
• Reactivation,
• - Miliary Tuberculosis.

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Granuloma

• Well circumscribed aggregates of
• Histiocytes,
• Lymphocytes,
• Epitheloid histiocytes,
• Langhans giant cells,
• Fibroblasts,
• Caseation,
• No well-formed granuloma in AIDS.

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THANK YOU