Muscle Movement, Types and Names

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Muscle Movement, Types and Names

• 600 muscles in human body

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5 Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity

• 1. All muscles cross at least one joint
• 2. Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies
  proximal to the joint crossed
• 3. All muscle have at least two attachments the
  origin and the insertion
• 4. Muscles can only pull (they never push)
• 5. During contraction the muscle insertion moves
  toward the origin

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Muscle attachments

• Origin attachment to the immovable or less
  movable bone
• Insertion attachment to the movable bone
• Refer to Study Guide

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Muscle Action Most Common

• Pages 181-193 in your text
• 1. Flexion
• Saggital to the plane
• Decreases the angle of a joint
• Typical of hinge joints
• Common in ball and socket joints

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2. Extension

• Opposite of flexion
• Increases the angle or distance between bones
• Hyperextension -- extension is greater than 1800

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3. Rotation

• Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
• Common in ball and socket
• Movement of atlas around the axis
• Shaking head no

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4. Abduction

• Moving limb away from midline
• Also applies to fanning movement of fingers and
  toes
• 5. Adduction
• Movement toward the midline

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6. Circumduction

• Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and
  adduction
• Common in ball and socket joints
• Ex. Shoulder
• Work Sheet Movement

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Types of Muscles

• Movement is result of muscles acting together or
  against each other
• Muscles are arranged so that what one muscle
  does..
• Another does the reverse

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General Terms

• 1. Prime mover muscle with major responsibility
  for a particular movement
• 2. Antagonists muscles that oppose or reverse
  movement
• Example
• Biceps (prime mover) elbow flexion
• Triceps (prime mover) elbow extension

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3. Synergists

• Help prime movers by producing same movement
• Example
• Finger-flexor muscles
• Cross both wrist and finger joints
• Allows you to make a fist without bending your
  wrist

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4. Fixators

• specialized synergists
• Hold bone still or stabilize origin of prime
  mover
• Example
• Postural muscles stabilize vertebral column

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Naming Muscles (LAD SNOR)

• 1. Relative size of muscle
• Minimus smallest
• Maximus largest
• Longus - long
• 2. Direction of the muscle fibers (D)
• Refers to imaginary line usually midline
• Rectus fibers run parallel to line
• Oblique fibers run slanted to line

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3. Location of muscle (L)

• Some are named for the bone they are associated
  with
• 4. Number of origins (or heads) (N)
• biceps 2 origins
• Triceps 3 origins
• Quadriceps 4 origins

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5. Location of muscles origin and insertion (O)

• Named for attachment sites
• Example
• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Origin sternum and clavicle
• Insertion mastoid process on the temporal bone

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6. Shape of muscle (S)

• Distinctive shape that aids identification
• Example deltoid
• Triangular in shape
• 7. Action of the muscle (A)
• Named for action
• Flexor
• Extensor, etc

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Muscles of arm
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Anabolic steroids

• Testosterone -- natural anabolic steroid
• Engineered by pharmaceutical companies to treat
  victims of muscle wasting diseases and anemia
• Athletes started using these in 60s
• Why?

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Cited advantages by athletes

• Increased muscle mass and strength
• Increases oxygen carrying capacity
• Increase in aggressive behavior
• Increases isometric strength

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Disadvantages

• Bloated faces
• Shriveled testes and infertility
• Damage the liver promote liver cancer
• Changes in blood cholesterol
• Psychiatric problems
• Manic behavior
• Depression
• delusion

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Muscles you must know

• Temporalis pectoralis major
• Masseter intercostals
• Frontalis external oblique
• Sternocleidomastoid Fibularis longus
• Trapezius sartorius
• Deltoid gastrocnemius
• Triceps brachii biceps brachii
• Gluteus maximus latissimus dorsi
• Zygomaticus brachioradialis

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• gluteus medius Rectus abdominis
• Orbicularis oris hamstring muscles
• Orbicularis oculi biceps femoris
• Tibialis anterior semitendinosus
• Buccinator semimebranosus
• quadriceps
• rectus femoris
• vastus lateralis
• vastus medialis

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• All muscles pages
• 182
• 183 (a) rectus abdominis and external oblique
• 184, 187 (a)