CSE 791 Advanced Windows Programming

1
CSE 791 Advanced Windows Programming

• Tool Bars, Status Bars and Rebars
• by
• Pranav Sharma and Pramod Chandewar

2
Tool Bars

• Creating and Initializing a Toolbar
• Docking and Floating
• Controlling a Toolbars Visibility
• Keeping Toolbar Buttons in Sync with Your
  Application
• Adding ToolTips and Flyby Text
• Making Toolbar Settings Persistent
• Toolbar Support in AppWizard

3
Toolbars

• A toolbars purpose is to provide one-click
  access to commonly used commands.
• MFCs CtoolBar class implements Toolbars.
• CToolBar derives much of its functionality from
  the toolbar control in Comctl32.dll.
• A separate and more primitive MFC class named
  CToolBarCtrl provides an MFC interface to toolbar
  controls.

4
Creating and Initializing a Toolbar

• Creation
• Construct a CToolBar object and call
  CToolBarCreate
• as follows -
• m_wndToolBar.Create(this,WS_CHILD WS_VISIBLE
  CBRS_BOTTOM)
• Where
• m_wndToolBar is a data member of CToolBar.
• and Create is called from the frame windows
  OnCreate handler.

5
Creating and Initializing a Toolbar ( contd. )

• Initialization
• A freshly created toolbar is empty, so we need to
  initialize it.
• For initializing a toolbar we need
• a bitmap resource containing images for the faces
  of toolbar buttons
• an array of button IDs.

6
Creating and Initializing a Toolbar ( contd. )

• 2 ways to initialize a toolbar.
• Method 1
• // In the RC file
• IDR_TOOLBAR BITMAP Toolbar.bmp
• //In the CPP file
• static UINT nButtonIDs ID_FILE_NEW,
  ID_FILE_OPEN, ID_FILE_SAVE, ID_SEPARATOR,
  ID_EDIT_CUT, ID_EDIT_COPY, ID_EDIT_PASTE,
  ID_EDIT_UNDO, ID_SEPARATOR, ID_FILE_PRINT
• m_wndToolBar.Create (this)
• m_wndToolBar.LoadBitmap (IDR_TOOLBAR)
• m_wndToolBar.SetButtons (nButtonIDs, 10)

7
Creating and Initializing a Toolbar ( contd. )

• Method 2 (used by AppWizard)
• //In the RC file
• IDR_TOOLBAR BITMAP Toolbar.bmp
• IDR_TOOLBAR TOOLBAR 16, 15
• BEGIN
• BUTTON ID_FILE_NEW
• BUTTON ID_FILE_OPEN
• BUTTON ID_FILE_SAVE SEPARATOR
• BUTTON ID_EDIT_CUT BUTTON ID_EDIT_COPY
• BUTTON ID_EDIT_PASTE
• BUTTON ID_EDIT_UNDO SEPARATOR
• BUTTON ID_FILE_PRINT
• END
• // In the CPP file
• m_wndToolBar.Create (this)
• m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar (IDR_TOOLBAR)

8
Creating and Initializing a Toolbar ( contd. )

• Adding text strings to the faces of buttons
• You can add text strings to the faces of buttons
  with CToolBarSetButtonText as follows
• // In the CPP file
• m_wndToolBar.Create (this)
• m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar (IDR_TOOLBAR)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (0, _T ("New"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (1, _T ("Open"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (2, _T ("Save"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (4, _T ("Cut"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (5, _T ("Copy"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (6, _T ("Paste"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (7, _T ("Undo"))
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonText (9, _T ("Print"))
• m_wndToolBar.SetSizes (CSize (48, 42), CSize
  (40, 19))

9
Creating and Initializing a Toolbar ( contd. )

• Creating check push buttons and radio push
  buttons
• IDR_TOOLBAR BITMAP Toolbar.bmp
• IDR_TOOLBAR TOOLBAR 16, 15
• BEGIN
• BUTTON ID_CHAR_BOLD
• ..
• // In the CPP file
• m_wndToolBar.Create (this)
  m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar (IDR_TOOLBAR)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (0, TBBS_CHECKBOX)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (1, TBBS_CHECKBOX)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (2, TBBS_CHECKBOX)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (4, TBBS_CHECKGROUP)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (5, TBBS_CHECKGROUP)
  m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (6, TBBS_CHECKGROUP)
  
• int nStatem_wndToolBar.GetToolBarCtrl().GetState
  (ID_PARA_LEFT)
• m_wndToolBar.GetToolBarCtrl().SetState(ID_PARA_LE
  FT,nStateTBSTATE_CHECKED)

10
Docking and Floating

• By default, a toolbar is affixed to the side of
  its frame window and cant be detached.
• CToolBar provides the ability for the user to
  grab a toolbar with a mouse, detach it from its
  frame window, and either dock it to another side
  or allow it to float free in a mini frame window
  of its own.
• Floating and Docking are enabled by calling
  toolbars EnableDocking function and Frame
  windows EnableDocking function.
• Each of the functions parameters are bit flags
  which specify which sides of the frame window the
  toolbar will allow itself to be docked or which
  of the sides are valid docking targets.
• Both functions would be required when there are
  more than one toolbars with different docking
  requirements.
• Toolbars are docked and undocked with the
  CFrameaWndDockControlBar and FloatControlBar
  functions.

11
Docking and Floating (Contd.)

• Bit Flag Descriptions
• Bit Flag
  Description
• CBRS_ALIGN_LEFT Permit docking to the left
  side of the frame
  window
• CBRS_ALIGN_RIGHT Permit docking to the right
  side of the frame window
• CBRS_ALIGN_TOP Permit docking to the top
  of the frame window
• CBRS_ALIGN_BOTTOM Permit docking to the bottom of
  the frame window
• CBRS_ALIGN_ANY Permit docking to any side
  of the frame window

12
Controlling a Toolbars Visibility

• CFrameWndOnBarCheck used to toggle a toolbar on
  or off.
• CFrameWndOnUpdateControlBarMenu updates the
  menu containing the command that toggles a
  toolbar on or off.
• If your application uses a toolbar whose ID isnt
  the default, we need to connect the toolbar to
  command and update handlers that control its
  visibility in 2 ways
• Assign the toolbar and the menu item the same ID
  and
• update message-map entries as follows
• ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI(ID_VIEW_TOOLBAR2,
  OnUpdateControlBarMenu)
• ON_COMMAND_EX(ID_VIEW_TOOLBAR2, OnBarCheck)

13
Controlling a Toolbars Visibility (contd.)

• b) Provide your own command and update handlers
  and use CFrameWndShowControlBar as follows
• //In CMainFrame message map
• ON_COMMAND (ID_VIEw_TOOLBAR2, OnViewToolbar2)
• ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI (ID_VIEW_TOOLBAR2,
  OnUpdateViewToolbar2UI)
• .
• .
• Void CMainFrameOnViewToolbar2()
• ShowControlBar(m_wndToolBar2,(m_wndToolBar2.GetSt
  yle()WS_VISIBLE)0,FALSE)
• Void CMainFrameOnUpdateViewToolbar2UI(CCmdUI
  pCmdUI)
• pCmdUI-gtSetCheck((m_wndToolBar2.GetStyle()
  WS_VISIBLE)?10)

14
Keeping Toolbar Buttons in Sync with Your
Application

• Toolbar buttons are connected to command handlers
  in the same way menu items are connected
  through message maps.
• Toolbar buttons can be assigned update handlers
  just as menu items.
• CCmdUI functions that update menu items are
  equally capable of updating toolbar buttons.
• We can use one update handler for updating menu
  items and toolbar buttons as long as both objects
  share the same ID.
• For example to update Paste menu item each time
  Edit menu is displayed
• ON_UPDATE_COMMAN_UI(ID_EDIT_PASTE,
  OnUpdateEditPasteUI)
• Void CMyClassOnUpdateEditPasteUI(CCmdUI
  pCmdUI)
• pCmdUI-gtEnable(IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_Te
  xt))
• The only difference between menu item updates and
  toolbar updates is the timing of calls to the
  update handler.
• Lastly, we can use update handlers to create
  check push buttons and radio push buttons without
  changing button styles.

15
Adding ToolTips and FlybyText

• 2 ways one way is to use VC Resource Editor.
• Another way
• //In the RC file
• IDR_TOOLBAR BITMAP Toolbar.bmp
• IDR_TOOLBAR TOOLBAR 16,15
• BEGIN
• BUTTON ID_CHAR_BOLD
• BUTTON ID_CHAR_ITALIC
• BUTTON ID_CHAR_UNDERLINE
• SEPARATOR
• BUTTON ID_PARA_LEFT
• BUTTON ID_PARA_CENTER
• BUTTON ID_PARA_RIGHT
• END

16
Adding ToolTips and FlybyText (Contd.)

• STRINGTABLE
• BEGIN
• ID_CHAR_BOLD Toggle boldface on or off\nBold
• ID_CHAR_ITALIC Toggle italic on or off\nItalic
• ID_CHAR_UNDERLINE Toggle underline on or
  off\nUnderline
• ID_PARA_LEFT Align text flush left\nAlign Left
• ID_PARA_CENTER Center Text between
  margins\nAlign Center
• ID_PARA_RIGHT Align text flush right\nAlign
  Right
• END
• //In the CPP file
• m_wndToolBar.Create(this,WS_CHILD WS_VISIBLE
  CBRS_TOP CBRS_TOOLTIPS CBRS_FLYBY)
• m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_TOOLBAR)

17
Making Toolbar Settings Persistent

• 2 functions used CFrameWndSaveBarState and
  CFrameWndLoadBarState
• CFrameWndSaveBarState writes information about
  each toolbars state to the registry or a private
  INI file. (also stores state of StatusBar)
• Normally LoadBarState is called from the main
  frame windows OnCreate handler after toolbars
  and status bars are created.
• SaveBarState is called from the frame windows
  OnClose handler.
• Never call SaveBarState from the frame windows
  OnDestroy handler if you want to preserve the
  states of floating toolbars because
• A floating toolbar no longer exists when the
  frame windows OnDestroy function is called.

18
Toolbar Support in AppWizard

• App Wizards toolbar-creation code uses
  CToolBarCreateEx rather than CToolBarCreate
  and passes CBRS_GRIPPER and TBSTYLE_FLAT flags.

19
The Status Bar

• The status bar is a window that displays
  context-sensitive help for menu items and tool
  bar buttons
• It neither accepts user input nor generates
  command messages.
• Displays text panes under program control.
• Adding toolbars and status bars to MFC
  applications is easy because of CToolBar and
  CStatusBar provide thorough encapsulations of
  user interface (UI) elements.

20
The Status Bar Definition

• Static UINT indicators
• ID_SEPARATOR,
• ID_INDICATOR_CAPS,
• ID_INDICATOR_NUM,
• ID_INDICATOR_SCRL,
• Status bar with Caps lock, Num lock , and Scroll
  Lock indicators

21
Status Bar

• To use the status bar for application-specific
  data ,first disable the standard status bar that
  displays the menu prompt and keyboard status.
• A status bar can be divided into one or more
  areas that are variously referred to as panes,
  panels or indicators.
• The status bar supports two types of panes-
• message line panes and
• status indicator panes.

22
The Message Line pane

• A Message line pane displays a string that the
  program supplies dynamically.
• To set value of the message line,first get access
  to to the status object and then you must call
  the CStatusBarSetPaneText member function with
  a zero-based index parameter.
• Pane 0 is the leftmost pane ,1 is the next pane
  to the right, and so forth.
• CMainFrame pFrame (CMainFrame)
  AfxGetApp()-gtm_pMainWnd
• CStatusBar pStatus pFrame-gtm_wndStatusBar
  
• pStatus-gtSetPaneText(0, message line for
  first pane)
• Its minimum length is one forth the display
  width, and it expands if room is available in the
  status bar.

23
The Status Indicator

• A status indicator pane is linkedto a single
  resource-supplied string that is displayed or
  hidden by logic in an associated update command
  UI message handler function.
• The length of a status indicator pane is exact
  length of the corresponding resource string.

24
Creating and Initializing a Status Bar

• In MFC, a status bar is an instance of
  CStatusBar.The frame windows OnCreate handler
  creates the status bar with a statement like this
  one
• m_wndStatusBar.Create(this)
• Passing a this pointer makes a status bar a child
  of the frame window.
• A status bar created in this way is destroyed
  automatically when its parent is destroyed

25
Creating and Initializing a Status Bar

• After creating ,a status bar is initialized by
  calling CStatusBarSetIndicators
• Set Indicators specifies the number of panes the
  status bar will contain and optionally assigns
  string resources to individual panes
• The statements to create a simple status bar
  containing just one pane .
• UINT nIndicator ID_SEPARATOR
• m_wndStatusBar.Create (this)
• m_wndStatusBar.SetIndicators (nIndicator,1)

26
Creating and Initializing a Status Bar

• MFC defines four special indicator IDs for status
  bar panes that display keyboard status and maps
  them to a common handler in the CFrameWnd class
• ID_INDICATOR_CAPS, which corresponds to the caps
  lock key
• ID_INDICATOR_NUM, which corresponds to the Num
  Lock Key
• ID_INDICATOR_SCRL, which corresponds to the
  Scroll Lock Key
• ID_INDICATOR_KANA, which corresponds to the Kana
  Key on Japanese Keyboards

27
Example Status bar

• static UINT nIndicators
• ID_SEPARATOR,
• ID_INDICATOR_CAPS,
• ID_INDICATOR_NUM,
• ID_INDICATOR_SCRL
• m_wndStatusBar.Create (this)
• m_wndStatusBar.SetIndicators (nIndicators, 4)
• The blank pane indicates that Scroll Lock is
  inactive.
• CstatusBar automatically positions all panes
  after the first at the far right end of the
  status bar and stretches the leftmost pane to
  fill the remaining space.
• Panes other than the first are also drawn
  indented so that theyre visible even when
  theyre blank.

28
Providing Context-Sensitive Help for Menu Items

• When the user highlights a menu item, the
  framework checks to see whether the applications
  EXE file contains a string resource whose ID
  equals the menu item ID.If the search turns up a
  match ,the string resource is loaded and
  displayed in the status bar pane.
• The frame work provides default help strings for
  ID_FILE_NEW,ID_FILE_OPEN, and other common
  commands Ids.It also provides default help
  strings for commands found in the system menu.
• Include the header file Afxres.h in your
  applications RC file and the frameworks
  predefined string resources will be included.
• If you use AppWizard to create the application,
  Afxres.h is included for you.

29
Providing Context-Sensitive Help for Menu Items

• You can override the help text for predefined
  menu item IDs by defining your own string
  resources with identical ID values
• AFX_IDS_IDLEMESSAGE "Ready
• The frame work will display the word Ready in
  the status bar when no menu is pulled down or no
  item is selected.

30
Creating Custom Status Bar Panes

• For complex status bars such as
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Microsoft Word
• For starters ,you can add panes to a status bar
  and size them any way you want using CStatusBars
  SetPaneInfo function.
• SetPaneInfo accepts four parametersthe 0-based
  index of the pane whose attributes you want to
  modify and the panes ID ,style, and width,in
  that order.

31
Creating Custom Status Bar Panes

• Style Description
• SBPS_NOBORDERS Draws the pane flush with the
  surface of the status bar.
• SBPS_POPOUT Draws the pane so that it
  protrudes from the status bar.
• SBPS_NORMAL Draws the pane so that it is
  indented into the status bar.
• SBPS_DISABLED Disables the pane. Disabled
  panes don't display text.
• SBPS_STRETCH Stretches the pane to fill
  unused space when the status
  bar is resized.
• SBPS_OWNERDRAW Creates an owner-draw pane.

32
Creating Custom Status Bar Panes

• Example
• Static UINT nIndicators
• ID_SEPARATOR,
• ID_SEPARATOR,
• ID_SEPARATOR,
• m_wndStatusBar.Create(this)
• m_wndStatusBar.SetIndicators (nIndicators, 3)
• m_wndStatusBar.SetPaneInfo (0, ID_SEPARATOR,SBPS_N
  OBORDERS,64)
• m_wndStatusBar.SetPaneInfo (1, ID_SEPARATOR,SBPS_P
  OPOUT,64)
• m_wndStatusBar.SetPaneInfo (2,ID_SEPARATOR,SBPS_NO
  RMAL SBPS_STRETCH, 0)

33
Status Bar Support in AppWizard

• Initial Status bar box in AppWizard's Step 4
  dialog box checking the Initial Status Bar box

34
How to get rid of keyboard Indicator panes

• Static UINT indicators
• ID_SEPARATOR, //status line indicator
• ID_INDICATOR_CAPS,
• ID_INDICATOR_NUM,
• ID_INDICATOR_SCRL,
• Remove the final three entries so that the array
  looks like this
• Static UINT indicators
• ID_SEPARATOR //status line indicator

35
MyWord Application

• MyWord uses two toolbars and one status bars
• New,Open,Save in file menu and the Cut,Copy,Paste
  and Undo items in Edit menu.
• It includes check push buttons,radio push buttons
  and combo boxes for selecting .

36
MyWord Application Code
37
REBARS

• Internet Explorer 3.0 introduced a new control
  type to windowsthe rebar control.A Rebar is a
  container for other controls.
• You can add as many bands as you like ,each band
  can include a child window such as a toolbar,push
  button ,or combo box.
• Once the band is displayed the user can move and
  resize the bands .
• Each band can optionally have an image from an
  image list ,a label, and a bitmap.

38
REBARS

• Two new classes CReBar and CReBarCtrl.
• CReBarCtrl is a low level class that provides a
  very thin wrapper around a raw rebar control.
• CReBar is a high level class that makes easy to
  add rebars too an MFC application
• CReBar publishes three member functions
• Create, which creates a rebar from a CReBar
  object.
• GetReBarCtrl,which returns a CReBarCtrl reference
  to the underlying rebar control
• AddBar, which adds a band to the rebar

39
MFC toolbar into a rebar

• m_wndToolBar.CreateEx(this)
• m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar (IDR_TOOLBAR)
• m_wndReBar.Create (this)
• m_wndReBar.AddBar (m_wndToolBar)
• AddBars optional second and third parameters to
  specify a label and a background bitmap.
• m_bitmap.LoadBitmap(IDB_BKGND)
• m_wndToolBar.CreateEx(this,TBSTYLE_FLAT
  TBSTYLE_TRANSPARENT)
• m_wndReBar.AddBar (m_wndToolBar,_T(Main),
  m_bitmap)

40
Using AppWizard to wrap a rebar around a toolbar