Earth: Water Planet

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Earth Water Planet
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Essential Questions

• How does water get recycled through the
  atmosphere?
• What are the properties of water that make it a
  unique compound?
• What creates acid rain?
• What factors cause water pollution?
• How does water move on the earths surface and
  below the ground?

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Water facts

• Water is essential to our planet's life and
  without it nothing could survive.
• The globe is two-thirds covered by water, but 93
  is ocean water, toxic to humans, plants and
  animals.
• There is the same amount of water on earth now as
  there was when dinosaurs hung out at the local
  pond millions of years ago.
• The water keeps moving in a cycle it evaporates
  from rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• The vapor from evaporation and condensation forms
  the clouds in the sky and then returns to earth
  as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
• About two-thirds of your body is made up of
  water.
• The Earth's water supply is made up of 97
  oceans, 2 Icecaps/Glaciers, 1Fresh Ground
  Water.
• Water is the only thing that can be a gas,
  liquid, and a solid.
• In 20 minutes, one thunderstorm can send down
  over 125,000,000 gallons of water!

http//ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sc3.html
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Chemical and Physical Properties of Water

• Formula H2O
• Polar Molecule
• Universal solvent, dissolves many polar
  substances
• High surface tension
• Boiling point 100oC
• Freezing and melting point 0oC

http//ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sc3.html
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Water and the Hydrologic Cycle
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Explain how solar energy causes water to cycle
through the major earth reservoirs

• Water molecules evaporate into the air as water
  vapor
• Water evaporates from ocean and land surfaces
• Transpiration is water vapor lost from plant
  leaves

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HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
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Water Terms

• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Transpiration
• Run-off
• Infiltration
• Water cycle
• Watersheds
• Sublimation
• Permeability
• Acid precipitation

• Oceans
• Salt water
• desalination
• Fresh water
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Streams
• Glaciers/icebergs
• Aquifer
• Aquitard
• Ground water
• Salt water

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AQUIFER DIAGRAM
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TOPOGRAPHY
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How to read a Topographic Map

• Contour Lines join points of equal elevation
• Close Lines steep slope
• Can determine physical and man-made features of
  earth surface

http//interactive2.er.usgs.gov/learningweb/teache
rs/mapsshow_act4.htm
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• POLLUTION DEFINED
• A pollutant is a substance that once it gets
  into the environment, tends to elevate the
  "natural" background level of that substance.
• The pollutants get into water from both rural and
  urban activities.
• The main six types of pollutants that reduces the
  quality of the water
• Sediment (Wind and water erosion of soils)
• Nutrients (Fertilizer, animal wastes, sewage
  treatment plants)
• Animal Wastes (Fecal coliform from livestock and
  septic systems)
• Pesticides (Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides,
  etc...)
• Salt (Mostly from applied road salt)
• Toxics (Manufactured and refined products like
  oil, paints, anti-freeze

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Water Pollution
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Water PollutionTwo major classifications

• Point Source

• Non-point Source

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• Point Source Pollution
• Pollutants that are coming from a concentrated
  originating point like a pipe from a factory or a
  large registered feedlot with a specific point of
  discharge.

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Point source examples
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Point Source - Example

• LUST - Leaky Underground Storage Tanks
• 22 of the 1.2 million UST are LUSTy
• Look at water pollution from gasoline...

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Non-Point Source Pollution
Pollutants detected in a concentrated water
source such as a stream, river or lake, that come
from a wide range of sources

• http//protectingwater.com/

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Name the Type of Pollution
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ACIDS, BASES and pH

• ACIDS
• Taste Sour
• Low pH 0 - 6.9
• Hydrogen in formula (HCl)
• Citrus, vinegar
• Corrosive

• BASES
• Taste bitter
• pH 7.1 14
• OH( hydroxide) in the formula (NaOH)
• Soap, Ammonia, Hair Dye
• Slippery to the touch

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pH Scale
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ACID RAIN
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ACID RAINExplain how SO2 and
NO2in the atmosphere can form acid rain, and how
acid rain affects water sources , organisms and
human made structures.
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Problems Associated with Acid Rain

• Raises pH in lakes, rivers and streams harming
  aquatic plants and animals
• Low pH causes inability in fish to reproduce
• Damage to tree foliage
• High acidity causes heavy metals to leach from
  lake and river beds
• Elevates soil pH
• Increased infant mortality
• Reduction in proper lung function
• Airborne sulphates implicated in premature deaths
• Building and building materials are damaged
• Statues and monuments disintegrate

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Europe
The US Capitol
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• http//www.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_student
  s/acid_anim.html

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Topography