PMGSY

1

• PMGSY
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
• (Prime Ministers Rural Roads Programme)
• Presentation by S. Vijay Kumar
• Joint Secretary, Govt. of India and
  Director-General, NRRDA
• April, 2005

2
Indian Rural Development Programmes

• Since Independence Indian economic planning has
  aimed at industrial infrastructure development
• Agricultural development was attempted thru
  agrarian reforms and improvement in foodgrains,
  oilseeds and dairy production
• From 1970s onwards poverty alleviation was
  included as an explicit part of the development
  strategy and Rural employment and income
  generating programmes were funded with huge
  outlays in the Central Budget

3
Indian Rural Development Programmes-(contd)

• The Ministry of Rural Development administers at
  the Central level all Rural Development
  Programmes aimed at Rural Self-employment,
  Wage-employment and rural Poverty Alleviation
• Rural infrastructure development includes
  Watershed Development and Drinking Water, and
  recently Rural Roads through the Prime Ministers
  Rural Roads Programme (PMGSY w.e.f.2000)

4
Infrastructure Modernisation

• Economic Reforms introduced in 1991 to integrate
  with global economy and traditional public
  sector domain such as Power, Telecommunications,
  Banking, Roads, Ports opened to private
  enterprise
• Present Road Network around 3,300,000 Km
• NH - 57,700 Km
• SH - 124,300 Km
• MDR, ODRs and VRs - 2,994,000 Km
  
• Transportation recognized as a driver for
  achieving high growth rate of GDP targeted at
  68
• Transportation system is however facing capacity
  constraints . Major share of NHs and SHs are
  single lane. Village connectivity inadequate.

5
Rural Connectivity

• According to a study,165 people can be brought
  above poverty line with Rs 10 lacs (US 22,000)
  investment in rural roads
• Estimates in 2001 40 villages do not have an
  all-weather road
• Asset value of Village roads estimated as Rs
  100,000 crore (US 22 Billion)
• Construction of new roads and maintenance of
  assets are both major concerns

6
Central intervention in State Sector

• Rural Roads is allocated to State Govts as a
  Subject under the Indian Constitution
• Rural Roads are funded by State Govts out of
  their own resources or out of General Fund
  transfers from Central to State Govts
• Central Intervention justified because of impact
  of rural roads in reducing rural poverty.

7
Linkage between Poverty Unconnectivity (Poorer
/ more unconnected ranks lower)
10 Core States Unconnectivity rank (Road length required in Km) Rural Poverty Rank () 1999-2000
Orissa 23rd - (31527) 25th (48.01)
Bihar 25th - (33350) 24th (44.30)
Jharkhand 21st - (21445) Included in Bihar
Assam 20th - (18987) 17th (40.04)
Madhya Pradesh 28th - (60264) 15th (37.06)
Chattisgarh 26th - (37556) Included in M.P
West Bengal 22nd - (23651) 14th - (31.85)
Uttar Pradesh 27th - (38725) 13th - (31.22)
Rajasthan 24th - (31947) 9th - (13.17)
Himachal Pradesh 19th - (12832) 4th - (7.94)
8
PMGSY Scope

• Launched on 25th December, 2000 objective of
  connecting unconnected Habitations of-
• 500 population by 2007
• 250 population for Hill North East States,
  Desert and Tribal Areas.
• Total Investment USD 26 billion
• Eligible Habitations 170,000
• New road construction 369,000 km
• Upgradation / renewal 368,000 km

9
PMGSY Funding Strategy

• PMGSY funding is from a Cess on HS Diesel
  imposed by the Central Govt through Legislation
  (Central Road Fund Act, 2000) which yields USD
  500 million to USD 750 million annually for PMGSY
• ADB and World Bank funds being sourced (1.2
  billion tied up for next 4-5 years)
• Strategy also being worked out to leverage the
  Cess (being perpetual revenue source) and borrow
  from Domestic Capital Market

10
Institutional Arrangements

• NRRDA at Central level gives technical and
  management guidance
• SRRDA constituted at State level, with CEO,
  Financial Controller, SQC, IT Officer, Empowered
  Officer
• PIU at District level
• Programme funds placed in SRRDA account and
  operated by PIUs
• Online Management Monitoring and Accounting
  www.pmgsyonline.nic.in

11
PMGSY Features

• Core Network of existing and proposed roads at
  Block/District level after detailed survey.
• Core Network identifies road links required for
  eligible habs. to ensure farm-to-mkt all-weather
  connectivity
• Basic Connectivity being provided to about
• 60,000 habs with pop. of 1000,
• 81,000 habs with pop. of 500 and
• 29,000 habs with pop. of 250
• Associated Through Routes of new links will be
  taken up to ensure all-weather Farm-to-Market
  connectivity. Road Condition to determine nature
  of investment upgradation / renewal /
  maintenance

12
Selection of Roads under PMGSY
Precedence given to new connectivity, with priority to connecting Habitations of higher population (1000 before 500) Associated Through Routes can be upgraded to ensure farm-tomarket connectivity Upgradation of through routes in case new connectivity complete.Based on Pavement Condition survey States proposals coordinated by SRRDA, scrutinised in NRRDA for compliance with Guidelines, and cleared for funding.

13
Habitations and Length of Roads under PMGSY
State   Eligible Habitations Construction length (in Kms)
Madhya Pradesh Core States 18492 60264.12
Uttar Pradesh Core States 24284 38725.00
Chattisgarh Core States 12561 37556.05
Bihar Core States 17920 33350.67
Rajasthan Core States 11015 31947.75
Orissa Core States 12597 31527.23
West Bengal Core States 25288 23651.54
Jharkhand Core States 10402 21445.00
Assam Core States 13144 18987.00
Himachal Pradesh Core States 3494 12832.00
Total for Core States 149197 (88) 310286.36 (84)
Other (Non Core) States   21483 (12) 59044.19 (16)
Total   170680 369330.55
As per Core Network Survey
14
Community Participation

• As per 73rd Amendment Act 1992,Constitution
  provides for role for local elected bodies
  (Panchayats) in developmental activities
  including roads.
• District Panchayat approves Core Network
• Dist. Panchayats approves selection of roads out
  of Core Network for annual proposals
• Village Panchayat participates in Transect Walk
  to finalise road alignment
• Panchayats being involved in Road Safety and
  Maintenance activities..role still evolving as
  12th Finance Commission has recommended huge
  Block Grants to Panchayats

15
Technical Standards

• Indian Roads Congress(IRC) is Standards setting
  agency for roads
• Technical Standards as per IRCs Book of
  Specifications and Rural Road Manual. (IRC
  SP-202002)
• DPRs checked by independent State Technical
  Agencies ( IITs, RECs etc)
• Crust Design based on traffic and CBR. WBM base
  course and PMC as surface course for sealed roads
  
• For links to habitations below 1000, unsealed
  roads if possible
• For links to habitations below 500, 3.0m
  carriageway instead of 3.75 m
• All necessary provisions for drainage including
  CDs.
• CC Pavement with open side drains in village
  portion.

16
Construction of a Rural Road Under PMGSY
Earth Work Compaction
Madhya Pradesh Shivpuri Pohri Road to AB Road,
Length 36.12 Km, Cost 596.16 Lakhs, Phase 2
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BASE COURSE
Tamil Nadu, Dist Coimbatore
Metal is collected and tested. Spread in
camber with templates.
Dry rolled and then
Wet Rolled.
Tamil Nadu Dist Coimbatore Chinapallayam Road, 2
km. Cost Rs. 28 lakhs. Phase 1.
Madhya Pradesh Dist Gwalior Simaria Road to
Chait, 8 km. Cost Rs. 149.29 lakhs. Phase 2.
18
BITUMINOUS SURFACING
Granular Surface is Primed
West Bengal, Dist N- 24 Pargana. Taki Road to
Jassore Road (NH35) 7.5 Km., Cost253.00 Lakh
Hot-mix material (Manual or Plant Mixed) is
systematically laid and rolled.
Tamil Nadu. Alampadi Ivanur Road
19
Quality Management

• Quality Control as per QC Handbook
• QC Registers for every work maintained by
  Contractor and PIU
• Three tier Quality Control Mechanism
• Quality Control by first tier at PIU level
• Quality supervision by Second tier Monitoring
  under State Quality Coordinator (SQC)
• Quality Audit by Third tier of Quality mechanism
  Independent National Quality Monitors (NQMs)
• NQMs deputed by NRRDA to report on Institutional,
  Contract and Quality issues

20
On-line management

• Web-based S/W.Data entry by PIUs
• Data on road inventory, proposals, tendering,
  execution,accounts all inputted at source
• Processed outputs available for use in
  PIU,SRRDA,NRRDA.
• Maintenance planning application as soon as PCI
  data inputted
• Fully transparent,fully drillable to basic
  data,i.e. road or habitation
• GIS being built on database
• Visit us at www.pmgsyonline.nic.in

21
Maintenance Planning

• Maintenance is State(and Panchayat)
  responsibility
• 5-year post construction routine maintenance
  included in Contract for PMGSY works
• A second round of 5-year zonal maintenance for
  rural Through Routes included in PMGSY Guidelines
• Network maintenance policy still evolving.
  Guidelines issued to States to prioritise
  maintenance fund budgeting based on traffic and
  PCI.

22
Impact Assessment of PMGSY

• Assessment by independent agencies for 9 States
  (based on perception of respondents) reveals the
  following
• Higher use of motorised equipment like tractors
  in agriculture on the one hand and
  diversification of cropping pattern through
  easier availability of inputs and access to
  markets
• Easier access to raw-materials and commercial
  vehicles has benefited existing local industries
  
• Market for home-made products like pickles, etc.,
  in neighbouring towns has increased and both
  on-farm and off-farm employment opportunities
  have improved

23
Impact Assessment of PMGSY- (contd)

• Improvement in health servicesante-natal care
  institutional delivery and post-natal care
• Increased enrolment in schools particularly of
  girls, and more regular attendance of teachers
• More frequent visits of Government officials and
  grass-roots level functionaries
• Social network area has increased including
  radius of marriage alliance
• Increased use of consumer durables like,
  television, electrical gadgets, etc., has been
  noticed

24
Bharat Nirman

• Bharat Nirman or Build India announced by
  President and detailed by FM in Parliaments
  Budget Session in Feb, 2005
• Bharat Nirman aimed at building rural
  infrastructure including roads, electrification,
  potable water, e-connectivity,housing
• PMGSY Programme Rephased to achieve Bharat Nirman
  targets by 2009-10 of connecting 1000
  habitations(500in hills,desert and tribal areas)
• Phase II consists of balance PMGSY target to
  connect habs of 500 population in remaining
  States and 250 in Hill States, Tribal and Desert
  Areas.

25
PMGSY (2000-05)
Year Budget (Rs. in crore) Budget (Rs. in crore) Value of Proposals cleared Amount Released Habitation coverage
Year Cess ADB/WB Habitation coverage
2000-01 2500 2502.09 2255 10040
2001-02 2500 5104.55 4958.73 11319
2002-03 2500 5104.55 4958.73 11319
2003-04 2325 5111.21 2288.26 13876
2004-05 2148 320 4606.18 2436.64
2005-06 3809 425 934.21
Total 15782 745 18258.24 12118.63

• Roadworks for both years were cleared together
• Upto March, 2005 Upto April 2005
• Arrears of diesel cess not yet released

26
Bharat Nirman Funding (Rs. in crore)
9th Plan (1997-02) 10th Plan (2002-07) 11th Plan (2007-12) 11th Plan (2007-12) Total Total
Upto 09-10 Remaining Years Bharat Nirman Upto 09-10 End 11th Plan
Cess 5000 14582 12180 8820 31762 40582
WB/ADB ---- 2050 8200 ---- 10250 10250
Funding Gap 17835 USD3.5b 23558
Total 5000 USD1b 16632 USD3.3b 20380 USD4b 8820 USD1.7b 59847 USD12b 74390 USD15b

• Includes Rs. 12611 crore for proposals prior to
  2004-05

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Issues

• DPR preparation, Supervision and Quality Control,
  HRD etc. being partially outsourced.
  Quality-cum-cost based Consultants procurement
  now institutionalised in PMGSY.
• All systems and policies are in place due to 4
  years of operation and scaleup done from 0.5b to
  almost 1b annually. Scaling up from 1b to 2b
  per annum is the next step, subject to meeting
  funding gap
• Additional loans from ADB/WB planned
• Additional Funding being accessed through
  creation of SPV to leverage Cess funds.Legal
  issues arising from federal structure being
  addressed.