Model%20Based%20Thin-Shell%20Structures

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Model BasedThin-Shell Structures

• What Happened to Them?

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STRUCTURAL ART
Turning Torso - Santiago Calatrava Model Based
Eiffel Tower - Paris, France Analysis Based
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Analysis Based Structural Art
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Analysis Based Structural Art
The Market Hall in Leipzig, Germany (1929) by
Franz Dischinger
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Analysis Based Structural Art
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Petroleum Coke Bulk Storage - Pittsburg,
California OPAC Consulting Engineers
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Model Based Structures
Sea-Rose Sheets of the Giant Sea-Rose Victoria in
the Amazon
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Model Based Structures
Ribbed Support in Roofs and Plants
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Was Nervi inspired by Nature?
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Eduardo Torroja

• Born August 27, 1899
• Spanish engineer who was considered a pioneer in
  concrete-shell structures
• Believed identity of form and structure could be
  realized with thin vaults of concrete
• Graduated in 1923
• Died June 15, 1961

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Pierre Lardy

• Born in 1903
• Attended Federal Institute of Technology in 1923
• Hired Heinz Isler in 1951
• Proponent for model based designs
• Emphasized the importance of aesthetics for
  full-scale structures
• Died in 1958

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Heinz Isler

• Born July 26, 1926 in Zollikon, Switzerland
• Attended Federal Technical Institute
• Graduated in 1950 with a degree in Civil
  Engineering
• Only student out of 100 to choose thin-shells
  for senior design
• Worked as an assistant to Pierre Lardy
• Based most of his structures on smaller models
• Stated there were 3 ways to arrive at shell
  shapes, (Freely shaped hills, Rubber Balloon
  Membranes, and Reversed Hanging Cloths

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Hanging membranes by Heinz Isler
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(No Transcript)
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Thin-Shell Roof over gas station in Bern-Zurich
Highway
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Wyss Garden Center
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Indoor Tennis Center in Heimberg, Switzerland
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Indoor Tennis Center in Heimberg, Switzerland
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Indoor Tennis Center in Heimberg, Switzerland
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Indoor Tennis Center in Heimberg, Switzerland
Ever wonder what the inside looks like?
Now you know
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The barrel shell to be described is that in the
set of programs SHELLS.zip, which may be
downloaded from this web site. It is a single
barrel with an edge beam on the left and the
valley it is a section of symmetry. so the
analysis is for two barrels. Layout of joints
and members is shown in the sketch. The shell is
divided into 12 equal angle members plus the edge
beam. The dimensions that must be used
are feet for distances, and pounds for weights.
The resulting deflections and stresses are as
noted in the output. The coordinates and
dimensions were created by the program,
CIRCLES.BAS which is also included. These same
values are given for the built-in example.
Dimensions and loads are as follows     Span
60 ft., Width30 ft., Rise6.5 ft     The radius
is 20.55 ft., and the end slopeis 46.86 degrees.
    This is about the maximum suitable slope of
a shell.     Shell thickness0.29 ft (3.5 in.),
Edge beam 1ft.x 3 ft.     Length of shell
segment2.802 ft.     Weight of concrete150
pcf, Weight of one segment122.9     Snow load,
(per length of segment)25 psf. One segment71.4
p     Extra load has been placed at the valleys
to compensate for the in-fill. Input for the
program is listed at location 5,000 as follows
5000 DATA SINGLE BARREL WITH EDGE BEAM 5010 '
Span, E, No. of members, No. of joints 5020 DATA
60,432E6,13,14 5030 ' Generate member/joint
relations (Y?N) ? 5040 DATA "Y" 5050 '
Member/joint relations Member, X joint, Y joint.
5060 ' Special supports Joint, X, Y, Z, Phi, (0
to exit) 5070 DATA 14,0,1,1,0, 0 5080 ' Member,
thickness, Special I value, (0 for no special
value) 5090 DATA 1,1.00,0, 2,.290,0, 4,.290,0,
4,.290,0, 5,.290,0, 6,.290,0 5100 DATA 7,.290,0,
8,.290,0, 9,.29,0, 10,.29,0, 11,.29,0, 12,.29,0
5110 DATA 13,.29,0 5120 ' Do some members have
no longitudinal stiffness, (List number) 5130
DATA 0 5140 ' Coordinates Joint. X, Y 5150
DATA 1,0,0, 2,0,3, 3,2.047,4.908, 4,4.339,6.520,
5,6.826,7.805 5160 DATA 6,9.465,8.741,
7,12.207,9.309, 8,15.000,9.500 5170 DATA
9,17.79,9.31, 10,20.53,8.74, 11,23.174,7.805,
12,25.66,6.52 5180 DATA 13,27.951,4.908, 14,30,3
5190 ' Loads Joint, X, Y, (0 to Exit) 5200
DATA 1,0,225, 2,0,322, 3,0,194, 4,0,194, 5,0,194,
6,0,194 5210 DATA 7,0,194, 8,0,194, 9,0,194,
10,0,194, 11,0,194, 12,0,184, 0
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Petroleum Coke Bulk Storage - Pittsburg,
California OPAC Consulting Engineers
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Twisting Torso
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Turning Torso by Santiago Calatrava
Turning Torso
Twisting Torso
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Ice Shell Creation at Cornell University (1999)
by Dr. Mark Valenzuela and Professor Arwade
himself
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Ice Shells by students at The Johns Hopkins
University (Inspired by Heinz Isler)
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Watch a Clip!
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If a picture is worth a 1000 words, then a simple
model is worth a 1000 calculations