Wireless Networking Infrastructure Hardware and Software Module08

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Wireless NetworkingInfrastructure Hardware and
Software Module-08

• Jerry Bernardini
• Community College of Rhode Island

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Presentation Reference Material

• CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administration
  Official Study Guide, Fourth Edition, Tom
  Carpenter, Joel Barrett
• Chapter-07, pages 320-405
• The California Regional Consortium for
  Engineering Advances in Technological Education
  (CREATE) project
• Cisco Wireless Networking notes

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Access Points

• The Access Point (AP) is the device that
  provides access to the WLAN
• Each BSS has one AP and multiple Aps make an ESS
• Two categories of APs are Fat and Thin Access
  Points
• Thin APs are paired with a wireless LAN switch
  or controller to offer additional functionality
  and centralization over Fat APs.
• Fat (Thick or Smart) APs are "fat" because they
  operate autonomously as members of a
  decentralized WLAN.

3Com Wireless LAN Switch WX1200
3Com AP3750 MAP
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Autonomous or FAT Access Points

• Traditional wireless LANs use decentralized Fat
  access points
• Manual configuration required to set the power
  level, channel, security and other configurable
  parameters.
• Each access point is individually configured
• Third party software solutions are often needed
  for additional security and management
  capabilities
• For large networks which quickly add to the
  total cost of ownership.

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Autonomous AP Implementation
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Lightweight or Thin Access Points

• Centralized WLANs use a wireless controller to
  manage, process, and configure the RF environment
  
• Centralized WLANs use called thin or lightweight
  APs
• Aps communicate directly with the central
  controller with the wired network
• All the functionality and intelligence is
  offloaded to the controller
• This provides a single point of administration
  for various policies relating to security,
  intrusion detection, user roles, and software
  upgrades..

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Thin Access Points Implementation
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Access Point Modes

• APs are small computers with one or more radios
• The AP operating systems are Linux or propriety
• IEEE 802.11 defines three Operational Modes
• Root Mode
• The default mode for most APs
• Provides wireless clients access to the WLAN
• Bridge Mode
• Used to create a link between two or more APs
• Repeater Mode
• Used to extend the range of a WLAN beyond normal
  boundaries

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Access Points Market
Belkin APs
Buffalo APs
Linksys APs
Cisco APs
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Access Point Features

• Support of various IEEE 802.11 standards
• FHSS, DSSS, OFDM, 802.11a,b, g, n
• Support for various security standards
• IEEE 802.11i, WEP, WPA, WPA2, PSK, RADIUS
• Support for QoS extensions
• Wireless Multimedia (WMM), VoWLAN
• Fixed or Detachable Antenna
• Omni-directional, Directional
• Filtering
• MAC, Protocol
• Variable Power
• Percent of Max or Actual Levels

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Power Over Ethernet (PoE) Support

• Found on Enterprise and not on SOHO APs
• Primary benefit is ability to install APs where
  no AC power is present
• IEEE 802.3af standard for PoE
• PoE is supply by injectors or switches

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PoE Options and Power Source Equipment(PSE)
Active/PSE Switch
PD Access Point
Pins 4-5 Power(48v) Pins 7-8 Power
1
DC Power
CAT-5e Ethernet
PD Access Point
2
Switch
AC Power
DC Power
CAT-5e Ethernet
PSE Injector
Access Point
DCPower
3
Switch
AC Power
DC Power
CAT-5e Ethernet
PSE Injector
Tap/Splitter
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Wireless Bridges

• Provides a link between two WLAN segments
• Not full described by IEEE 802.11
• Vendor dependent
• Two Modes Root and Non-root

Point-to-Point
Root
Non-Root
Non-Root
Root
Non-Root
Point-to-Mulitpoint
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WLAN Bridge Modes and Components

• Root Mode A bridge that acts as the hub to a
  group of bridges.
• Only One Root-Bridge for PtP or PtMP links
  (important for tests)
• For PtP link one Root-Bridge and one Non-Root
  Bridge
• Non-Root Mode A member bridge of a group that
  is not the Root Bridge.
• Can also function as a standard AP
• Can function as a repeater

3Com WLAN Bridge
Proxim Quick Bridge 11
Cisco Aironet 1400
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Bridge Application School District
Bode Elementary Yagi
Lincoln Elementary Yagi
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Residential WLAN Gateways

• Same as SOHO wireless routers
• Support of various IEEE 802.11 standards
• FHSS, DSSS, OFDM, 802.11a,b, g, n
• Support for various security standards
• IEEE 802.11i, WEP, WPA, WPA2, PSK, RADIUS
• Built in firewall features
• Packet and MAC Filtering
• Switched Ethernet ports
• DHCP
• NAT and PAT

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Enterprise WLAN
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Enterprise Wireless Gateways

• Enterprise Wireless Gateway is a powerful
  device that interfaces between the enterprise
  network and the corporate firewall.
• HTML ? WML
• Authentication, Filtering, and Security
• Traffic Management, QoS
• Mobile Addressing

Vernier IS 6500p
BlueSecure ControllerBSC 2100
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Enterprise Wireless Gateways
Enterprise Server
Enterprise Gateway
Router
Switch
Access Points
Wireless Clients
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Wireless Mesh Access Points

• Mesh APs associate with multiple APs
• Association between APs is limited by vendor
  (3-5)
• Currently vendor dependent
• Clients can reach destinations thru multiple APs
• APs route packets to ovoid failures and optimal
  paths
• Mesh Networks are more resilient
• Not every AP has to be connected to a wired
  network
• Self-Healing, Self-Configuring using Layer-2
  Protocol
• New standard IEEE 802.11s will allow
  interoperability between vendors

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Wireless Mesh Network Implementation
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Voice Over IP WLAN (VoWLAN)

• Telephone communication using a WLAN requires
  latency and QoS considerations
• Special equipment is required
• VoWLAN phone (phones that will connect to WLAN)
• WLAN infrastructure with QoS (low latency and
  Protocol management)
• Call management (PBX for IP phones)
• Voice gateway for outside calls
• IP phones associate with APs rather than cellular
  towers

Linksys
Siemens
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Lightning
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Lightning Arrestor

• Designed to protect LAN devices from static
  electricity and lightning surges that travel on
  coax transmission lines
• RP-TNC connectors used on all Cisco Antennas

To Antenna
Lug
Lockwasher
Ground Wire
Nut
From RF Device
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Direct Strike Protection
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Coax Connection Sealing

• Number one problems with bridges - water in the
  connectors
• Proper sealing is important
• Coax Seal is one product that is inexpensive and
  works great

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Path Loss Considerations
The following are needed to determine coverage
         Antenna Gain          Transmitter
Power          Receiver Performance         
Cable Losses          Environmental Structures
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1400 Series

• High Performance
• Up to 54Mbps throughput
• Flexible
• Point to point and point to multi-point bridging
• Multiple mounting and antenna options
• Secure
• Enterprise-class security
• Feature Rich
• Intelligent Network Services via IOS

AIR-BR1410A-A-K9
AIR-BR1410A-A-K9-N
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Optional 2.4GHz Antennas for Long Range

• 13.5 dBi Yagi
• Distances over
• 7.3 miles _at_ 2 Mbps
• 11.7 Km _at_ 2 Mbps
• 3.6 miles _at_ 11 Mbps
• 5.8 Km _at_ 11 Mbps

• 21 dBi Solid Dish
• For distances up to
• 25 miles _at_ 2 Mbps
• 40 Km _at_ 2 Mbps
• 20.5 miles _at_ 11 Mbps
• 33 Km _at_ 11 Mbps

Note Distances include 50 feet of low loss cable
and 10 dB fade margin
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Optional 5GHz Antennas for Long Range
9.5 dBi sector (H or V polarization)

• Network configurations
• Point to point
• Point to multi-point
• Roof, pole, and wall mounting options
• 5.8 GHz Unlicensed Band Operation
• Rapid deployment and re-commissioning
• Operating temp range -30 to 55 oC
• Humidity 0 to 100

9 dBi omni (Vertical polarization)
28 dBi dish (H or V polarization)
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