Fig' 21 Annual temperature fluctuations in Minneapolis, Minnesota'

1
Fig. 2-1 Annual temperature fluctuations in
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
2
Fig. 2-2 Seward town houses in Minneapolis use
earth berms to protect against freeway noise.
3
Fig. 2-3 Church in Rock in Helsinki exploits the
unique design opportunities with underground
construction.
4
Fig. 2-4 Solaria house in New Jersey, USA,
illustrates environmental advantages of earth
sheltered buildings including preservation of the
natural vegetation and reduced rainfall run-off.
(Architect Malcolm Wells)
5
Fig. 2-5 Cost Comparisons for underground oil
storage in Sweden-September 1977 price levels.
(Source Jansson in Bergman 1979)
6
Fig. 2-6 Mining for limestone aggregate in Kansa
City, USA. (Source Underground Developers
Association, Kansas City)
7
Fig. 2-7 Reuse of limestone mines for warehousing
in Kansas City. (Source Underground Developers
Association, Kansas City)
8
Fig. 2-8 Varissuo civil defense shelter in Turku,
Finland, is also used for recreational purpose.
(Source Saari 1988)
9
Fig. 2-9 Example of the heat balance in a subway
system with design temperatures below ambient
levels. Only a small portion of the heat
generated during subway operation can be
dissipated to the ground. Refrigeration has been
used to remove the excess heat produced. (source
Associated Engineers 1976)
10
Fig. 2-10 Surface settlement over 3.7 meter
diameter tunnel location 5 meters below ground
level. (Source USNCTT)