hormone

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???????????????? (2)
2005. 7. 4.
?? ??
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??
???? ??????? ????? ??????
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???? hormone
???(???)?????????????(??)?????????????
??? ????
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????? insulin
???????????(B??)???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????(glucagon)???
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??? diabetes mellitus
??????????? IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus
???????????? NIDDM non-insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus
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??????????? IDDM
??????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????10?????12?
???????????????? ?????????????B???????????????????
????
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???????????? NIDDM
??????????????? ?B???????????????????????
??????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????
????????????????????????
??????????????????? ????????????????????
????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????
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????????
S S
A? GIVEQCCTSI CSLYQLENYC N
S
S S
S B? FVNQHLCGSH LVEALYLVCG ERGFFYTPKA
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??????
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IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate-1 GLUT-4
?????????
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??????
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??????????
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Second Messenger
cAMP
??????????
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???????????
????
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cAMP
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??????????
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???????
?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
???????? ????????(??)???? ?????????????
???????? ??????????????????????????????????????
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?????
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????????
???? ?????????????????? ????? ???????????????????
?
???? ???????? ??????(???????????)?????
????????????????????? ???????????????
??????? ??????????????????????
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???????
?????????????????????????
??????? ?????????????
B?????T???????
?? antigen ??? ??????????????????? ?????
antigenic determinant? ????? epitope ?????????????
,???????????? ???? 10???? ???? ?? ?????????
???????
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B????
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B????????????
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???????(Immunoglobulin)???
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L
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??????????
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?????????? 2
H? heavy chain ? L? light chain Fc ? Fab
??? V ? variable region? ??? C ? constant region
Fc ? Fab? crystallizable ? antigen binding
?????????? IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
H?? ???? g, m, a, d, e ???
L?? k, l ?2?????
???? 1????? 106 108 ?????????????? Ig ???
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B??????????????????
??????? V, D, J ???????????
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????
???? ????????????????????? ????
??????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????
???? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???
????????? B????????? ??????????
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??????????
?? ??????????? ??????????????????
???????
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???
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??????? 5??
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??????
??????????????????????? ????????????????
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??????
??(?) cancer
?????????????????????????????(tumor)????? ????????
??? ?? ??? ????????????????????????
?????????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????
??????????????????????????????
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?? ??????
????(????) ??? 18?????????????(??)????? ??????????
??????? ??? ???????????X????? DNA
??? ???????????????????? ????? ???? Rous
????????????T????? HTLV-1?????????????????????????
?????????????? ?? ???????????????????????
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Francis Peyton Rous 1879-1970
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? 1909-1911 ????????? Rous sarcoma virus
RSV gag?pol?env?????????src??? ???????????????????
? ???????(RNA virus) Rous ? 1966 ? ?????????????
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???? Yoshida sarcoma
????????.??????????,??????????????????????(1943)??
?.???????????????????????.??????????????,?????????
?????.
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RNA????
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???????????????
?????? ????????????????????????????
????????

• ????? ??????100???????

• ???????? ????? point mutation

3 ?? ??????? ???????????????????? ??????????
???????????? ????????????
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???????????????????????????
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??????????????????????????????????????????
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?????????
????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????
??????? ??? ?????
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??????????ES??,embryonic stem cells
????????????????,????????????.Evans?Kaufman,???Mar
tin?(1981)?,??3.5???????????????????in
vitro??????,???????????????????,????(pluripotency)
????,?????????????????????????????????????.
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????
????????????????? ??????? ????16????????????????
????? ??????????????????????? ???????
?????????????????????????? ?????????
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?????
????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????????????????
???????
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?????
????????
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??????
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???? Neuron ??? cell body ???? dendrite
?? axon ???? synapse ?????? electrical
synapse ?????? chemical synapse ??? Glia,
neuroglia ????????????????????? ????
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?????????????
??? Na, K, Ca ??????????? ???? ??? ????
????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????
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??????
????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
????????????? ????? ???????????????
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??????
Apotosis ?????????????????????? ??? ???????
????????????????? bcl-2 ??????????????????? ??
??????????? ??????????????????
?????????????????????? ?? ???????????????????
????
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??
???????? ???????????????? ???????
?????????tau????????? ??? b??????????????????????
??????? ???
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???????????
??????????? ???????????? ???(centenarian)????????
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???????????
????????? ????????????????50-70??? ????????????
caloric restriction mimetics
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????????????
????????? age-1, daf-2 ?????/IGF-I
???????????? Sir(silencing information
regulator)???????? ???????????
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???(centenarian)????????
?4????? D4S1564 ???????????? ??????? ????????????
??????? (Microsomal Transfer Protein MTP)
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????
??????????????????????? O2-, H2O2, OH
??????????????????? ?????DNA ????? ???
8-???????????????? ???????DNA???
???????????? ?????? ?????30-40????????????
????????????????????????
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?????Prion(Proteinaceous infections particle)
?????????? Stanley Prushner, 1997???????????? ????
??????????????????Prion??? ???33,000,
253?????????? ???????a???????????b????? ??????????
????????????????? ???????????????
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???????BSEBovine Spongeform Encephalopathy
????????????????????????? ???????????????