Soil Resource: Management

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Soil ResourceManagement Degradation
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What is a Resource?

• Source of raw material
• used by society

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What are Reserves?

• The subset of resources that have been located
  and can be profitably extracted at the current
  market price

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Renewable Resources

• Resources that can be replaced within a few human
  generations.

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Nonrenewable Resources

• Resources that cannot be replaced within a few
  human generations.

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Resource Management

• Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is
• harvest rate renewal rate

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IF the Harvest rate gt Renewable rate

• Then the resource becomes
• Nonrenewable

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Renewable vs NonrenewableResources

• Renewable
• Animals in the wild
• Soils
• Forests
• Natural fisheries
• Water
• Food
• Alternative fuels
• Solar power
• Biomass
• Hydropower

• Nonrenewable
• Fossil fuels
• Oil
• Coal
• Ore deposits of metals

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Role of theNatural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS)

• NRCS provides technical forestry and soil
  conservation information to landowners.
• Was known as Soil Conservation Service (SCS)

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Soil Damage

• Erosion
• water (raindrop, sheet, rill, gully, streambank)
• wind (suspension, saltation, surface creep)
• Compaction
• Salinization

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Controlling Erosion

• Water
• cover crops (out of season)
• crop rotation (sequence of different crops)
• strip cropping (alternating bands of diff crops)
• grassed waterways (permanently covered drainage)
• conservation tillage (econ. soil/water
  conserv.)
• contour farming (plowing around contour)
• terraces (slope control)

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Controlling Erosion

• Wind
• windbreaks (shelter residences, etc)
• shelterbelts (protect crops and livestock)
• conservation tillage (leave crop residue)
• contour farming (rows plowed across prevailing
  winds)

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Controlling Compaction

• Organic matter (surface and in soil)
• Equipment control (wheels, tracks, season)
• Plowing (short vs long-term)

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Controlling Salinization

• Water amount (application amount)
• Application type (flooding, sprinkler, drip, etc)
• Water quality (salt concentration of water)
• Soil texture structure (drainage, evap)
• Management (drainage ditches, tiles, crop type,
  etc)

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Soil Pollution(resource out of place)

• Residential (solid, liquid, rural, litter)
• Industrial (solid, liquid, nuclear, gaseous)
• Agricultural (livestock, plant, fertilizers,
  pesticides)

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Polluted Soil

• Sediment
• Soil acidification (SO4, NO3 , H, Al)
• Toxic elements (Cd, Pb, Al, Se, Cu, As, etc)
• Toxic chemicals (pesticides, petroleum,
  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)

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Soil Remediation

• Chemical treatment (pH)
• Bioremediation (microbes, plants)

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Renewable vs NonrenewableResources

• Renewable????
• Animals in the wild
• Soils
• Forests
• Natural fisheries
• Water
• Food
• Alternative fuels
• Solar power
• Biomass
• Hydropower

• Nonrenewable
• Fossil fuels
• Oil
• Coal
• Ore deposits of metals

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