Rapid detection and identification of nanometerscale defects in integrated circuits

1
The National Institute of PhysicsState of
Physics RD in the Philippines
Caesar Saloma, PhD National Institute of
Physics College of Science, UP Diliman
www.science.upd.edu.ph
SME Education Conference (COMSTE) Ateneo de
Manila University 14 August 2008
2
The Wealth of Nations
TOTAL WEALTH ESTIMATE in 2000 (USD per capita)
TOTAL WEALTH. Present value of future
consumption. NATURAL CAPITAL. Nonrenewable
resources (oil, natural gas, coal, minerals),
pastureland, agricultural land, timber,
non-timber forest resources, fish stocks,
energy PRODUCED CAPITAL. Investment (machinery,
equipment, structures and infrastructures), urban
land. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL. Skills and know-how
of labor force (human capital), trust among
people in a society, ability to work together for
a common purpose, very efficient judicial system,
clear property rights, effective government
Most important means of increasing intangible
capital Investment in education, functioning of
justice system, policies attracting foreign
investment.
Source K. Hamilton et al (9 others), Where is
the Wealth of Nations - Measuring Capital for the
21st Century (The World Bank, Washington, DC,
2006)
3
The College of Science since 6 October 1983
Mission (1) To generate new scientific knowledge
that advances our understanding of how Nature
works (research and development). (2) To train
the next generations of Filipino scientists and
researchers (mentoring).
CONSTITUENT UNITS (11) Natl Inst of Geological
Sciences Natl Inst of Mol Bio Biotech The
Marine Science Institute Natl Institute of
Physics Natural Sciences Research Inst
Institute of Biology Institute of
Mathematics Institute of Chemistry Inst of Env
Sci Meteorology Materials Science
Program Science Society Program
GRADUATES (SY 1983-84 to SY 2007-08) PhD 323
MS 1154 BS 5905
PHD FACULTY (1S, SY 2008-09) 141 Professors 53
(1) Assoc Professors 46 (1) Asst.
Professors 39 (1) Research Assoc Prof 3 No.
of Regular Faculty Items 257
AVERAGE ENROLLMENT PER SEMESTER PhD 144.9
MS 449.8 BS 1401.3
ENROLLMENT (1S, SY 2008-09) PhD 153 (27)
MS 582 (144) BS 1555 (420)
4
College of Science Distribution of Personnel1st
Semester, SY 2008-2009No. of PhDs 141 (54.8 of
faculty)
CONSTITUENT UNIT FACULTY (257) REPS (45)
STAFF (150) Natl Inst of Geological
Sciences 21 2 15 Natl Inst of Mol Bio
Biotech 10 1 5 The Marine
Science Institute 18 (18 PhDs) 12 14 Natl
Institute of Physics 36 (26) 1 14 Natural
Sciences Research Inst NA 14
19 Institute of Biology 38
0 15 Institute of Mathematics 75
0 9 Institute of Chemistry 49 4
16 Inst of Env. Sci. and Meteorology 9
3 0 Deans Office (Lib,
SSP, CSRC, etc) 1 11 40
PhD faculty in SY 1983-84 39 (19.6) out of 199
Number of Universities Colleges (SY 2003-2004)
1538 Public 111 (State) 64 (LUC) Private
1033 (nonsectarian) 330 (sect) PhD in
Faculty 9.1 (SY 2004-05) Source
www.ched.gov.ph
5
College of Science Advanced Manpower Development
GRADUATES (April 1984 to April 2008) PhD 323
MS 1,154 BS 5,905
Graduates
Graduates Per Year PhD 12.92 MS 46.16
BS 236.2
GRADUATES (May 2007-April 2008) PhD 19 (47)
MS77 (66.8) BS251 (6.3)
AVERAGE ENROLLMENT (SY1983-84 to SY 2007-08) PhD
144.9 MS 449.8 BS 1401.3
New Students
NEW STUDENTS PER YEAR PhD 25.7 MS 135.1
BS 381.9
ENROLLMENT (1S, SY 2008-09) PhD 153 (27)
MS 582 (144) BS 1555 (420)
6
College of Science Freshmen Per Year
FRESHMAN ABSORPTION UP Diliman 3820 College of
Science 485
AVAILABLE SLOTS Applied Physics 60
Physics 60
FILLED SLOTS (SY 2008-09) Applied Physics 35
(58.3) Physics 30 (50)
CS Graduates Per Year PhD 12.92 (50.3 of new
entrants) MS 46.16 (34.2) BS 236.2 (61.8)
PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Campuses 8
(Main Diliman, Q.C.) Student Population 2821
(SY 2004-05) Freshman intake 240 (Main) 90 x 7
7
ScholarshipsWhat are they are taking?
FRESHMAN ABSORPTION UP Diliman 3820 College of
Science 485
UPCAT (SY 2007-08) Applicants 71,478 College of
Science applicants 2356 (3.3) CS Qualifiers
(UPD cut-off) 815 CS Absorption Capacity 485
(UPD 3820) CS Freshman Enrollment 396 (2411)
UPCAT (SY 2008-09) Applicants 68,108 UP
Qualifiers 12,234 (17.9) CS Qualifiers 448
(0.66)
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Physics in the Philippines TodayTraining of
Future Physicists
DEGREE PROGRAMS NO. OF SCHOOLS OFFERING BS
Physics 13 (State 8 Private 5) BS Applied
Physics 4 (State 2 Private 2) MS Physics
7 (State 3 Private 5) PhD Physics 3
(State 1 Private 2)
BS Physics (13) Univ of Northern Phil (Region
I), Cagayan State (II), Western Mindanao State
(IX), MSU-IIT (XII), MSU-Marawi (XII), PUP (NCR),
UP Diliman (NCR), UP Baguio (CAR), Silliman
(VII), Univ of San Carlos (VII), Univ of Mindanao
(XI), Ateneo de Manila Univ (NCR), De La Salle
Univ (NCR)
BS Applied Physics (4) UP Diliman, UP Los Baños
(IV), Ateneo, De La Salle
MS Physics (7) Univ of Eastern Philippines
(VIII), MSU-IIT, MSU-Marawi, UP Diliman,
Silliman, Univ of San Carlos, Ateneo, De La Salle
PhD Physics (3) UP Diliman, Ateneo, De La Salle
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National Institute of PhysicsCollege of Science,
UP Dilimansince 26 May 1983
Profile1st semester, SY 2008-2009Faculty 26
PhDs (72.2) 10 MS/BS (instructors)Undergraduat
e 115 (BS Physics) 160 (BS Applied
Physics)Graduate 31 (PhD) 60 (MS)
www.nip.upd.edu.ph
Research Groups (PhDs)Theory (6),
Semiconductors (2), Superconductors (1), Plasma
(2), Photonics (3), Instrumentation Physics
Signal Processing (10), Material structure
dynamics (2)
10
Student Population and GraduatesNational
Institute of Physics
Graduates
Students
Student Population
Graduates per Year
1st semester, SY 2008-2009Undergraduate 115
(BS Physics) 160 (BS Applied
Physics)Graduate 31 (PhD) 60
(MS)
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ISI Publication Output
PHD FACULTY (2S, SY07-08) 144 Professors 53
(2) Associate Professors 51 (1) Assistant
Professors 36 (1) Instructor 7 4 No. of
Regular Faculty Items 257
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Samahang Pisika ng Pilipinas (1979) www.spp-online
.org Membership 644 (20 pays membership dues
annually)
Main activities1. SPP Physics Congress
(annual)2. Physics Education Workshop and
Conference (annual)Affiliations1. Association
of Asia-Pacific Physical Societies2.
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
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SPP Physics CongressPeer-reviewed presentations
Percentage of NIP presentations
NIP Presentations ()
No. of presentations
ACCEPTANCE RATE (1997-2006) 85.8
TOPICS (1) Optics, Photonics and Instrumentation,
(2) Physics Education, (3) Material Science, (4)
Complex Systems, Computational and Theoretical
Physics, (5) Image and Signal Processing, and (6)
Atmospheric Physics.
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International News Features Complex Systems
Research
New Scientist (22 Sept 2003)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
USA Volume 100, pp 11947-11952 (14 October 2003)
Spektrum Der Wissenschaft (Nr 6/2003)
NATURE Science News Update (23 Sept 2003)
Wired (January 2004)
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International News Feature Photonics Research
MRS Bulletin 2 December 2004 Materials Research
Society
Laser Focus World 3 January 2006
Photonics Spectra 4 February 2006
GIT Imaging Microscopy 4 March 2006
Photonics Spectra 1 August 2002

• PAPERS FEATURED
• 1. V Daria, J Miranda, C Saloma, Applied Optics
  41, p 4157 (10 July 2002)
• 2. V Cemine, B Buenaobra, C Blanca, C Saloma,
  Optics Letters 29, P 2479 (1 Nov 2004)
• 3. S Marcos, M Soriano, C Saloma, Optics Express
  13, p 8766 (31 Oct 2005)
• 4. C Blanca, V Cemine, V Sastine, C Saloma,
  Applied Physics Letters 87, 231104 (5 Dec 2005)
• 5. G Bautista, C Blanca, S Delica, B Buenaobra,
  C Saloma Optics Express 14, p 1021 (6 Feb 2006)

Photonics Spectra 5 April 2006
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One of most exciting research in imaging in
2006 Optical Society of America
Optics Photonics News December 2006 Optical
Society of America
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International Recognition Patents
C. Saloma2004 Galileo Galilei Award
(International Commission for Optics) C.
Saloma2008 ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and
Technologist Award(ASEAN Committee on Science
Technology)
US Patent No. 7,235,988 (26 June 2007 Inventors
C. Saloma, V. Daria, J. Miranda)Method for
generating high contrast images of semiconductor
sites via one-photon optical beam induced current
imaging and confocal reflectance microscopy
Taiwan Patent No. 091132002(21 July 2007
Inventor H. Ramos)Titanium nitride thin film
formation on metal substrate by chemical vapor
deposition in a magnetized sheet plasma
sourceUS Patent Pending (AN 20070128733 June
7, 2007 Inventors C. Saloma, W. Garcia, J.
Palero)Two-color two photon excitation with
Raman shifter.
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How many PhDs do we need in the Philippines?
Source D King, The scientific impact of
nations, Nature (London) 430, pp. 311-317 (2004)
Philippines (Population 87.9 M) - 26,508 PhDs
(Germany, 1 PhD per 3,316)
- 7,564 PhDs (Japan, 1
PhD per 11,621) - 13,454 PhDs (US, 1 PhD
per 6,533)
Philippines (2003) 1,374 PhDs (Natural Sciences,
Engg, Agriculture, Mediicine, SocSci
Humanties) Source Compendium of ST Statistics,
DOST (June 2007)
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Asia on the riseNATURE 447, p 885 (21 June 2007)
Asia Pacific share of worlds ISI
publications 15 (1990) to 25 (2006)
Asia Pacific is strong in the physical sciences.
www.viscotek.com
ISI publications (2006) Europe, Asia-Pac
US Chemistry Europe Asia-Pac, US Engineering
Europe Asia-Pac, US Photonics Asia-Pac,
Europe, US
Weakness Asia Pac papers are less cited.
D. King, Nature 430, p 311 (11 July 2004)
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Mission of a higher education institution

• To generate new scientific knowledge that
  advances our understanding of how Nature works.
• To train the next generation of
  technically-competent and self-assured scientists
  and researchers for Philippine society.

Most serious challenge To increase the number
of mentors who can competently guide and
direct PhD students.
Scientific RD Generation of new scientific
knowledge Technological Innovation Application
of new scientific knowledge Knowledge-based
economy Knowledge as a tool to produce economic
benefits
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Proposed Changes

• Decouple salary grade scales from academic rank
  scales in UP.
• Allow the granting of tenure to non-Filipino
  academics in UP.
• Develop a realistic depreciation policy of
  research equipment (procurement).
• Convert DOST into a purely ST funding agency.
  Spin off its RD laboratories.

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The National Science Complex PhP1.7B Project
NSRI
IB
NIMBB
MSI
Institute of Chemistry
NIGS
IESM
National Institute of Physics
Institute of Mathematics