EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE

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Demicheli V et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 3: CD001269. ... in a Cochrane review. No significant reduction in influenza-related asthma exacerbations ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE


1
EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED
INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE
2
Factors influencing vaccine efficacy
  • Closeness of the match between the vaccine strain
    and the circulating virus
  • Age of vaccinee older people do not respond as
    well
  • Health of the vaccinee people with chronic
    illnesses and immune system disorders do not
    respond as well as healthy individuals
  • Number of vaccinations regular annual
    vaccinations improve the protection compared with
    the first year of vaccination
  • Type of vaccine used

3
Efficacy of influenza vaccination in healthy
adults
  • Prevention of influenza infection
  • Recommended inactivated parenteral vaccines
  • Efficacy 70
  • Effectiveness 25
  • Recommended live aerosol vaccines
  • Efficacy 48
  • Effectiveness 15

Demicheli V et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2004 3 CD001269.
4
Efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly and
high-risk persons
  • Prevention of illness and death
  • Among high-risk adults (e.g. patients with
    chronic cardiovascular, respiratory or renal
    disease) 1864 years, vaccination prevented1
  • 78 of deaths
  • 87 of hospitalisations
  • 26 of GP visits
  • Among elderly individuals (gt 65 years),
    vaccination prevented1
  • 50 of deaths
  • 48 of hospitalisations

1. Hak E et al. Arch Intern Med 2005 165 27480
5
Efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly and
high-risk persons
  • Prevention of illness and death
  • Among community-dwelling elderly individuals,
    influenza vaccination prevented 1 death for every
    302 vaccinees at vaccination coverage between 64
    and 74

Voordouw AC et al. JAMA 2004 292 208995.
6
Efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly
persons
  • In a meta-analysis of 20 cohort studies, pooled
    estimates of vaccine efficacy demonstrated
    prevention of morbidity and mortality during the
    influenza season
  • Respiratory illness 56
  • Pneumonia 53
  • Hospitalisation 50
  • Death 68

The studies confirm the effectivenessof
influenza vaccine
Gross PA et al. Ann Intern Med 1995 123 51827.
7
Influenza deaths versus vaccination history
WHO Collaborating Centre for Influenza, Melbourne.
8
Influenza vaccination inpatients with CHD
  • Case control study of 218 patients with coronary
    heart disease (CHD) during the 199798 influenza
    season in the USA
  • Efficacy of influenza vaccine in reducing the
    risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in
    patients with CHD

Vaccination associated with a reduced risk of
recurrent MI
Past and current influenza vaccination
reducesthe risk of recurrent MI in CHD patients
Naghavi M et al. Circulation 2000 102 303945.
9
Influenza vaccination inindividuals with asthma
  • No significant increase in asthma exacerbations
    in the 2 weeks following influenza vaccination
  • Based on pooled results of two trialsinvolving
    2306 individuals with asthmain a Cochrane review
  • No significant reduction in influenza-related
    asthma exacerbations
  • Based on a recent study of 696 childrenwith
    asthma

Cates CJ et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004
2 CD000364.
10
Years of life bought forUS1 million (1990
dollars)
  • Pap smear every 3 years 52 life-years
  • Bypass surgery for left main 134
    life-yearscoronary artery disease
  • Pneumococcal pneumonia 100 life-years
    vaccination
  • Influenza vaccination 11,100 life-years



Influenza vaccination is a highly cost-effective
healthcare intervention
Russell LB. Health Aff (Millwood) 1992 11 1629.
11
By courtesy of APACIAsia-Pacific Advisory
Committee on influenzawww.apaci-flu.com
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