Approaches to combine solar photovoltaic and thermal system PVT

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Approaches to combine solar photovoltaic and
thermal system (PVT)

• C S Malvi, R Crook and D W Dixon-Hardy
• Energy and Resources Research Institute, SPEME,
• University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

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History

• 700BC Fire by Magnifying glasses
• 200BC Archimedes used the bronze shields of the
  Greek army to reflect sunlight
• 100AD Roman Baths had large south facing windows
• 1767 The first solar collector was built for
  cooking
• 1839 Photovoltaic was discovered by a French
  scientist
• 1891 The first commercial solar water heater was
  patented
• 1905 Albert Einstein published his paper on
  photoelectric along with his paper on his
  theory of relativity.
• 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize for his
  theories explaining the photoelectric effect.
• 1947 The first passive solar buildings are built
  in the USA as energy is scarce due to WW2
• 1954 Photovoltaic technology is born
• 1958 Solar Power is utilised by the NASA Space
  Programme to provide energy for their satellites
• 1963 Sharp Corporation develop practical Silicon
  Photovoltaic Modules
• 1981 First Solar powered aircraft flies the
  English Channel
• 1994 First solar cell developed which is greater
  than 30 efficiency
• 2000 33,000 solar cells are installed on each
  wing of the International Space Station
• In the future it is unlikely that there will be
  any major developments in solar panels as the
  latest thermal systems are 97 efficient.

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HELP
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We are facing Global warming with limited
energy resources
We need unlimited and pollution free resource of
energy
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Useful forms of energy

• Heat
• electricity

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Solar Photovoltaic Panel Or Solar cell
Solar Thermal Panel Or Solar Water Heating System
Both are separate technology
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Excess heat
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CHAPS-combined heat and power solar

• In 2005,
• Australia
• combined heat and power solar (CHAPS)
• by Coventry
• a parabolic trough of concentration
• thermal efficiency was around 58 and
• electrical efficiency around 11, therefore a
• combined efficiency of 69

CHAPS-combined heat and power solar
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Two prototypes developed by Chow

• 2003
• HongKong
• By Chow
• generates higher energy output per collector
  surface area

Two prototypes developed by Chow
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IPVTS -integrated PVT system

• In 2001
• Taiwan
• unglazed polycarbonate material plate collector
• 40 liter with corrugated structure flow channels
  fitted below the PV panel
• a 3 W DC motor was provided for water circulation
• 9 electrical efficiency and 38

IPVTS -integrated PVT system
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SolarNor collector with granulates

• In 2002
• by Sandnes and Rekstad
• polymer solar heat-collector combined with
  single-c Si PV module
• plastic containing wall-to-wall channels filled
  with ceramic granulates

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USE OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCM)

• 1985
• Garg, Sharma et al
• an Augmented Integral Rock System on such a solar
  air heater for agriculture use with the advantage
  that it can supply warm air in Sun-off hours

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Solar 8 from Arontise

• Arontise - Sweden company
• a trough type PVT collector Solar 8 with solar
  tracker and fix stand
• the actual photo of the product and other
  specifications are L/W/H 5/2/1.4 m, Aperture
  Area 5 m2, Electrical Power 500 W and, Thermal
  Power 2250 W with Price 700 Euro/ m2

Solar 8 from Arontise
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HD 16 from HD Solar

• HeloDynamics
• HD Solar Co., UK.
• a tracking system with modular concentrating PVT
  collector
• pole-mounted over parking areas suitable for
  mid-latitudes (20o Cto 40oC)

HD 16 from HD Solar
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Menova Engg. Inc-Power Spar

• Canada
• for domestic application
• PV module in series with trough type concentrator
  with fixed stand

Menova Engg. Inc-Power Spar
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Air type PVT collector

• Aidt Miljo-SolarVenti air type PVT collector is
  utilized for ventilation in summer for the
  cottages. It is roof fitted collector which area
  starts from 0.39 m2 with price 400 Euro

Air type PVT collector
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PVTWINS from Netherlands

• TwinSolar from Grammer Solar Company
• a flat plate collector which has thermal panel
  and PV module fitted side by side.

PVTWINS from Netherlands
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Opportunity
PV
Combination of PV and PCM to cool PV cell as they
are no more efficient in heat
Combination of PV/Thermal by direct pasting
Solar Thermal
PCM
Using PCM for Sun-off period
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Excess heat
WAX
Phase Change Material (PCM) Stores and releases
heat
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Schematic of PVT collector with PCM
F12
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2
30
30
All dimensions are in mm
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Layer wise diagram
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Proposal
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Cold water
Hot water

• Single system
• Less area requires
• No noise
• No pollution
• Renewable
• Input free

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Thank you
Chandra Shekhar Malvi E-mail csmalvi_at_gmail.com
Research Scholar Energy and Resource Research
Institute, SPEME, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Leeds