Central Nervous System (CNS): Basic Facts

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Central Nervous System (CNS) Basic Facts

• Adult human brain is
• 2 body weight
• 20 resting oxygen
• 15-20 blood flow

• Consists of neurons and glial cells
• Neurons are the information processors
• Glia provide metabolic and structural support to
  the neurons
• Energetic needs
• Myelin
• Repair
• spinal fluid production
• and other functions

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Size of Adult Human Brain

• Range 1000 to 2000 grams
• Average male 1,350 g
• Average female 1,200 g
• Anatole France 1,000 g (20th century poet)
• Albert Einstein 1,230 g
• Lord Byron 2,380 g (Romance poet)

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Neurons

• 200 cell types
• 10 trillion cells in head

• 25 billion pyramidal neurons, connects to 1000s
  of other neurons

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Gray White Matter

• 60 white matter (axons)
• 40 gray matter (cells)
• 2 mph to 250 mph when myelinated

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Neural Structure
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Human neocortex has 6 layers, 4.5 mm at deepest
point

• A pinpoint on the 2,200 square cm surface area in
  adults

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52 Brodmann Areas (1906)based on different cell
types and distributions
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Forebrain Cortex Limbic
Bottom to Top Back to Front Right and Left
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General Functions of lobes

• Occipital
• Vision
• Temporal
• Auditory
• Memory
• Parietal
• Touch
• Integration
• Frontal
• Motor
• Executive Function (goal-oriented, planning,
  sequencing)

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Central Nervous System

• Fissures (large cleft)
• Lateral or Sylvan fissure
• Longitudinal fissure
• Central fissure or sulcus

• Sulcus (shallow cleft)
• Gyrus (tissue ridge)

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Types of Neuroimaging Positron Emission
Tomography (PET)
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MRI examples
Anatomical MRI (T2-weighted)
Anatomical MRI (T1-weighted)
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Electroencephalography (EEG) Brainwaves