Food Resources

1
Food Resources
G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 13th
Edition Chapter 13
Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical
Community College
2
Key Concepts

• Methods of producing food

• Increasing food production

• Environmental effects of food production

• Increasing sustainability

3
How Is Food Produced?

• Sources of food

• Primary plantswheat, corn, and rice

• Primary animalsbeef, pork, and chicken

4
Major Types of Agriculture

• Traditional subsistence

• Traditional intensive

• Plantation

• Industrialized (high-input)

See Fig. 13-3 p. 280
5
World Food Production
Fig. 13-2 p. 279
6
Producing Food by Green-Revolution Techniques

• High-input monoculture

• Selectively bred or genetically-engineered crops

• High inputs of fertilizer

• Extensive use of pesticides

• High inputs of water

• Increased intensity and frequency of cropping

7
Green Revolutions
Fig. 13-6 p. 282
8
Producing Food by Traditional Techniques

• Intercropping

• Polyvarietal cultivation

• Intercropping

• Agroforestry (alley cropping)

• Polyculture

9
Food Production

• Rapidly increasing

• Prices decreasing

• Shortages in developing countries

• Approaching limits on meat production

10
Nutrition

• Undernutrition

• Malnutrition

• Overnutrition

Refer to Fig. 13-11 p. 286
Refer to Solutions p. 289
11
Environmental Effects of Food Production

• Biodiversity loss

• Soil

• Air pollution

See Fig. 13-13 p. 288

• Water

• Human health

12
Increasing World Crop Production

• Crossbreeding and artificial selection

• Genetic engineering (gene splicing)

• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

• Continued Green Revolution techniques

• Introducing new foods

• Working more land

See Fig. 13-16 p. 291
13
Producing More Meat

• Rangeland

• Pasture

• Efficiency

Fig. 13-25 p. 298

• Adaptations of rangeland plants

• Range condition and management

• Environmental consequences (Connections p. 299)

14
Catching and Raising More Fish

• Fisheries

• Fishing methods (See Fig. 13-30 p. 303)

• Sustainable yield

• Overfishing

• Commercial extinction

• Aquiculture

• Fish farming and ranching

15
Government Agricultural Policy

• Artificially low prices

• Subsidies

• Elimination of price controls

• Food aid

16
Solutions Sustainable Agriculture

• Low-input agriculture

• Organic farming

See Fig. 13-36 p. 308

• More benefits to the poor

• Increasing funding for research in sustainable
  techniques