Federalism

1
Federalism

• Overview
• I. Three Governance Structures
• II. Why Federalism
• III. U.S. Federal System
• IV. Changes in the Federal System

2
Federalism

• Three Governance Structures
• a. Unitary System
• b. Confederacy System
• c. Federal System
• Why Federalism?
• a. Evaluation of Unitary System, Confederacy
• System and Federal System
• b. Conclusion

3
Federalism

• III. The U.S. Federal System
• a. Basic Characteristics
• b. Constitutional Basis
• 1. National Government
• - Inherent Powers
• - Delegated/Enumerated Powers
• - Implied Powers

4
Federalism

• 2. State Government
• - 9th Amendment
• - 10th Amendment
• 3. Supremacy of National Government
• - Supremacy Clause
• - Expanded through Supreme Court
• interpretation

5
Federalism

• IV. Changes in the Federal System
• a. Growth in National Government
• - Age of Robber Barons (1890-1920)
• - Great Depression/New Deal (1930-
• 1946)
• - Civil Rights Era (1960-1968)

6
Federalism

• b. Devices of National Control
• 1. Supreme Court
• - Incorporation (14th Amendment)
• - Commerce Clause
• 2. Financial Powers
• - Tax Credits, Grants in Aid, Threats
• with Withholding Funds

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Federalism

• c. Devolution
• 1. Budgetary Shortfalls
• 2. Legislative Initiatives
• - Unfunded Mandates
• - Welfare Reform
• 3. Supreme Court

8
Federalism

• d. Appropriate Level for Policy?
• 1. Ideological
• 2. Analytical