The%20Romans

1
The Romans

• In Britannia

Source watchmanministries.org
By Alison Crouch
2
Brief Overview

• Britain before the Romans
• Roman invasion
• Romanizing Britain
• Temple in Bath
• Day at the Baths
• History of water
• First documented case of healing

3
Pre Roman Britannia

• Stone Age
• 500,000 years ago
• 15,000 years ago
• New Stone Age
• 4000 BC
• Bronze Age
• 2000 BC
• Chesil Beach

Source http//courses.wccnet.edu/jrush/england.h
tm
4
Tribes of Britannia

• Celts lived in organized societies
• Scattered farming communities
• Bronze and iron technology and goldsmith
• Women spun, wove, and dyed wool
• Defenses
• Wattle fencing
• Ditches

Source uk.games-workshop.com
5
Roman Invasion

• AD 55 Caesar
• 10,000 men
• 80 ships
• AD 54 Caesar
• 50,000 troops
• 2,000 cavalry
• AD 43
• 24,000 men
• 24,000 auxiliary troops

Julius Caesar
Aulus Plautius
Source The Roman Baths
6
Roman Legions

• Legion
• 5,000 men 120 cavalry
• II, IX, XIV, and XX
• Auxiliary troops
• Tasks in country
• Subdue conquered territories
• Romanize and urbanization

Sourcewww.caerleon.net/history/army/page2.html
7
Romanizing Britain

• Towns
• Lay out
• Government
• Houses
• Central Heating
• Mosaics
• Roads

Source Crouch
8
Roman Roads

• Roads
• Stone, Gravel, Sand
• Drainage Ditch
• Dug out 3 feet deep and 23 feet across
• Tracks were 8 feet across
• Surveyed

Source courses.wccnet.edu/jrush/england.htm
9
Source courses.wccnet.edu/jrush/england.htm
10
Central Heating
A Furnace B Under floor chamber C Column of
tiles supporting floor D Bridging tiles E Floor
of room F Box shaped tiles
Source http//www.canterburytrust.co.uk/schools/g
allery/gall09c.htm
11
Aquae Sulis Bath

• Pre-Roman
• Urban Settlement
• Shops and lodging
• Agricultural, pewter manufacturing and stone
  masonry
• Spiritual retreat and leisure resort
• Town covered about 23 acres

12
Sulis Minerva the Waters of Sul

• Celts
• Sul
• Goddess of the springs
• Lived in water
• Romans
• Minerva
• Wisdom and Healing
• Lived in water
• Sulis Minerva

Source The Roman Baths
Source Crouch
13
Sacred Spring
Source The Roman Baths
Source Crouch

• AD 65
• 1 million liters 46 C or 500,000 gallons
  120 F
• Tokens of appreciation
• 12,000 Roman coins from 1-114th century AD
• Combs, jewelry, brooches, bracelets, and other
  trinkets

14
Curses

• Written on small scrolls of pewter
• 130 found in Celtic, Latin, and Cursive

• Docimedis perdidi (t) manicilia dua qui illas
  involavi (t) ut mentes sua(s) perdat et oculos
  suos in fano ubi destina
• Execro qui involaverit qui Deomiorix de hospitio
  suo perdiderit quicumque res deus illum
  inveniat sanguine et vitae suae illud redemat

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The Temple
Source The Roman Baths
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The Courtyard

• Religious ceremonies
• Sacrificial alters
• Other Gods honored

Source The Roman Baths
Source Crouch
17
The Great Bath

• Lined with 45 layers of lead
• 3.9 foot deep
• 1.6 meters deep
• 131 foot roof
• 40 meters

Source Crouch
18
Day at the baths

• Diving and swimming
• Massage rooms
• Game rooms
• Weight rooms
• Business rooms
• Saunas
• Pool rooms

• Change
• Hot pool
• Hot wet room
• Hot dry room
• Oil applied and dirt removed
• Tepid pool
• Cold plunge

Strigil
Source romansinsussex.co.uk
19
Where did the water come from?

• 10,000 years ago Rain water
• 2700 4300 meters deep
• 147 - 205 F 64 - 96 C
• 43 minerals

Source Cunliffe
20
Prince Bladud

• The Legend

Source www.britannia.com/history/legend
Source The Roman Baths
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Final thoughts