Informatics Challenges in Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials

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Informatics Challenges in Tissue Engineering and
Biomaterials

• E. Dianne Rekow, DDS, PhDDirector of
  Translational Research
• New York University

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The Question

• What is the time-dependent biochemical and
  cellular cascade that occurs as a function of
• Implant Material
• Surface Texture
• Microporosity
• Pore size, density, connectivity
• 3D dimensional configuration

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In Vivo Laser-Lok Studies
Bone orientation follows orientation of surface
grooves
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Microgrooved Surfaces
Inhibit fibroblasts 6-10 µm wide gt2 µm
deep 12-24 µm repeat
Microgrooved surface
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Tissue Response to 12µm and 8µm Laser Machined
Collar
Laser-Lok
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Traditional Scaffolds
J. Kohn
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TheriFormTM 3DP Fabrication Process
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With Solid Freeform Fabrication Control pore
size, distribution, interconnectivity
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Controlled surface chemistry (nanostructure)
surface texture (microstructure)
microarchitecture (mesostructure) design
(macrostructure)
8 mm
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Tissue Response
pDTEC - channels
PLGA- channels
pDTEC waffles solid walls
pDTEC waffles porous walls
10X
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ERB Designs
Blind channels
Alternating rows of rods
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MicroCT and 3D Reconstruction
Elizabeth Meyers, PhD Hospital for Special Surgery
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Back
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Robo Casting
Jennifer Lewis, UI
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Does meso-geometry influence tissue response to
bone-fill scaffolds?
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NJ Scaffolds
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Optimal pore size
Neovascularization 5 µm Fibroblast ingrowth
5-15 µm Skin 20-125 µm Osteoid - 40-100
µm Bone 130 350 µm BUT!!!
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Solid HA
Stacked Layers
Staggered Layers
Pore size 15-40 µm
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Coronal Section
Solid HA
12 weeks
Horizontal Sections
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Solid HA 200X
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Scaffold

• Stimulate osteoblast
• migration and
• osteoconduction
• Supports cells and tissues
• Permits diffusion of cells and nutrients
• Provides waste clearance
• Material, surface, plus pore size and
• pore organization influence
• tissue response

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Javelin Engineering
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Scaffold materials and features influence implant
tissue interface
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The Question

• What is the time-dependent biochemical and
  cellular cascade that occurs as a function of
• Implant Material
• Surface Texture
• Microporosity
• Pore size, density, connectivity
• 3D dimensional configuration

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What experiments - or experimental design - do
we need to facilitate that solution?
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Biomaterials

• Where along the spectrum of flat polished
  materials to 10-year clinical in-vivo study
  accurately predicts clinical performance?

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Model ceramic/polycarbonate bilayers
CHAI H, LAWN B, WUTTIPHAN S (1999) Fracture
modes in brittle coatings with large interlayer
modulus mismatch, J Mater Res 143805-3817.
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Radial fracture in alumina/polycarbonate
d 150 µm, r 3.96 mm
Young-Woo Rhee
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Fundamental Relationships for Failure modes (flat
surfaces)

• For cone cracking
• PC A(T2/E)r E elastic modulus
• For yield T toughness
• PY DH(H/E)2r2 H hardness
• For radial cracking sT biaxial tensile
• PR BsTd2/log(Ec/Es) strength

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Influence of Damage Glass/Sapphire/Carbonate
Trilayer
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Influence of cement and tooth core properties
Cement
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DEFORMATION DURING CYCLIC LOADING
P 20-120N
Cement
Cement substrate
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VISCOELASTICITY MODEL
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HYDRAULIC FRACTURE TEST Penetration in to crack
can propagate a crack
p
oil
?c/a
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Effects of surface finish and fatigue testing
on the fracture strength of CAD-CAM and pressed
ceramic crowns, J Prosthet Dent 82468-475. Chen
HY, et al (1999)
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Biomaterials

• Where along the spectrum of flat polished
  materials to 10-year clinical in-vivo study
  accurately predicts clinical performance
  especially for new materials?

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Informatics

• Integration of complex information from multiple
  sources and disciplines
• Add insight into understanding fundamental
  questions of tissue engineering and biomaterials