Water Supply

1
Water Supply Sanitationand HIV/AIDS

• Ann Smith
• HIV Support Section

• Al Dutton
• Humanitarian Section

2
HIV VULNERABILITY/DISCRIMINATION
Loss of income/means of support
Loss of Education
Unaccompanied children young people
Emergency response
Loss of Health Care
Increased Powerlessness All people affected
gender-related
Emergency response
Imported military presence
Displacement Migration
Emergency response
Breakdown in social cultural structures
Loss of homes, food, sanitation
Sexual violence and abuse
EMERGENCIES
NATURAL DISASTERS CONFLICTS/WARS
Political Economic Discrimination Poverty Poli
tical instability Orchestrated Violence
Feuding Factions Environmental Climatic
Problems
3

• Lost livelihood, education, health care, shelter,
  food, sanitation
• Increased powerlessness general/gender
• Unaccompanied children
• Displacement and Migration
• Increased Poverty
• Military presence/mobilisation
• Economic/ political instability

Acute Rehab Emergency response
Emergency
HIV/AIDS
Acute Emergency response

• Lost livelihood, education, financial and
  material reserves
• Reduced economic/agricultural productivity
• Increased powerlessness general/gender
• Unaccompanied children
• Displacement and Migration
• Increased Poverty
• Economic/political instability

4
The policies and practices of ALL who exercise
power in emergencies can affect this cycle

• Governments, local, national and international
• Combatants/Military/Peacekeeping Forces
• Humanitarian aid workers, local, INGOs and UN
  agencies
• Emergencies occurring against a backdrop of high
  HIV prevalence challenge all response groups to
  revise their hitherto accepted mode of response

5
Analysing the interconnectedness of Emergencies
and HIV/AIDS Key Questions for Practitioners

• Which people are made more vulnerable to HIV by
  the current emergency and how?
• How does the current emergency affect the
  wellbeing of people already infected with HIV?
• How does HIV/AIDS affect the current emergency
  and post-emergency rehabilitation?
• What are the implications for humanitarian aid
  practitioners?

Emergencys effect on HIV vulnerability
Emergencys effect on people with HIV/AIDS
HIVs effect on emergency
Consequences for policy and practice
6
Re. Water and Sanitation and HIV/AIDS

• Question 1-HIV vulnerability Which people?
• Women, young girls, young boys
• Water-sanitation providers/supervisors
• Question 1-HIV vulnerability How?
• Sexual violence
• Sexual Bartering/coercion
• Survival sex

7
Re. Water and Sanitation and HIV/AIDS

• Question 2 How does the emergency affect people
  with HIV or AIDS?
• General escalation of infectious diseases because
  of poor/no sanitation and increased pathogens in
  water.
• Inability of families affected by HIV to maintain
  good infection control standards, to adhere to
  water-based treatment regimes or to sustain
  desirable levels of personal hygiene
• Consequently a more rapid health deterioration
  among children and adults with HIV or AIDS.

8
Re. Water and Sanitation and HIV/AIDS

• Question 3 How do HIV and AIDS affect emergency
  and rehabilitation responses?
• Reduced ability to cope of families affected by
  HIV because their reserves are already depleted.
  Thus family and community recovery may take
  longer.
• Families with sick adults cannot e.g. construct
  their own latrines, participate in food/cash for
  work etc. Grandparents have skills but are too
  frail. Children lack skills and strength.
• Sick family members cannot walk long distances to
  water supply or toilet facilities
• Child-headed households resulting from AIDS
• May not be able to carry larger water
  rations/operate heavy machinery for pumping water
  etc
• May not be counted in needs assessment surveys

9
Re. Water and Sanitation and HIV/AIDS

• Question 4 What are the implications for
  humanitarian aid practitioners?
• Ration sizes may vary, e.g. families with sick
  members might need more water for washing
• Water quality more critical for
  immune-compromised people
• Location of, supervision at, water distribution
  points, washing facilities toilets (security
  from sexual violence
• -e.g. well-lit single-sex toilets located
  centrally not peripherally- easy access for
  sick people)
• Programmes administered by women men
• Families ability to cope is reduced, e.g.
  smaller water containers, collective labour,
  reduced skills
• Priority target groups may be different e.g. may
  include families with sick members, child-headed
  households, single women, unaccompanied children
• Increased training/skills and support needs of
  practitioners because of HIV

10
www.odihpn.org -download hpn_at_odi.org.uk
-reprints
www.cafod.org.uk Hqcafod_at_cafod.org.uk
11
www.sphereproject.org
12
(No Transcript)