Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

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Vehicle Infrastructure Integration
ITE Kansas City Chapter July 10, 2008
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Agenda

• VII Concept Overview
• Applications
• Program Update

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Challenges Safety Congestion

• 45,026 Transportation-Related Fatalities in 2006
• Highway Accidents account for 95 of all
  Fatalities
• 6 Million Traffic Accidents in 2006
• Nearly 2.6 million injuries
• 1.42 Highway Fatalities per 100 million Vehicle
  Miles Traveled
• 4.2 Billion Hours of Travel Delay in 2005
• 2.9 Billion Gallons of Wasted Fuel
• Net Urban Congestion Cost of Nearly 80 Billion

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Driving Forces Safety
VII Deployment
1990
2000
1980
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Driving Forces Mobility
VII Deployment
1990
2000
1980
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Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

• The Confluence of Three Activities Have Presented
  an Opportunity to Change the Trends
• Growing Emphasis on Roadway System Management
  and Operations
• Advancements Under the ITS Vehicle Safety
  Program (Intelligent Vehicle Initiative-IVI)
• Evolution of Communications Technology

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VII Concept

• A Coordinated Investment
• Auto Companies Install DSRC
• GPS in all New Vehicles
• Public Sector Installs
• Communications on Roadway
• Infrastructure Nationwide

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Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

• Connecting Vehicles and Infrastructure

Creating an enabling communication
infrastructure
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Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

• Vehicle to Vehicle and Vehicle to Roadside
  Communications to enable
• Improved situational awareness
• Real-time traffic and weather information
• Rear-end, lane change, and crossing path
  collisions warnings and prevention
• Tolling and electronic payments
• Collaboration with Industry, State,
• Local and International Partners

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Scope of VII

• A Nationwide Communications Infrastructure
• A network of Hot Spots (Similar to WiFi)
• Interstate Urban Freeways -- 55,000 miles
• Rural Major Roads -- 100,000 miles
• 454 Urbanized areas Pop. gt 50,000
• 70 of Total population
• Approx 220,000 Hot Spots (RSEs)
• 15 Million new vehicles every year
• A set of standards

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RSE DeploymentBase Network (2004 National
Highway System)
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RSE Deployment - Typical Urban Area
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2 Classes of Service

• Anonymous Public Safety Services
• Safety Signal Stop sign Warning, Lane Change
  Warning, Electronic Brake Lights, etc.
• Mobility - Probe Data sent to every roadside unit
  from every vehicle
• Opt-In Services
• Electronic payment, (tolls, parking, gas, etc),
  OEM services, other??

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US DOT Program

• Motivation
• Potential of VII is Clear
• No Single Use May Justify Deployment
• No Single Entity May Cause Deployment
• Some Sort of Cooperative Venture Is Needed

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Structure VII Coalition

• Executive Leadership Team
• Working group
• USDOT FHWA, NHTSA, FMCSA
• AASHTO plus 10 State DOTs
• Local entities ITE, NACO, MTC
• VII Consortium
• Subcommittees / Task Forces
• Technical
• Business
• Institutional
• Outreach
• Contractors

NHTSA
FHWA
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VII Consortium (VIIC)

• VII Consortium
• BMW
• DaimlerChrysler
• Ford
• GM
• Honda
• Nissan
• Toyota
• VW

FHWA
NHTSA
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Contractors

• Booz Allen Hamilton
• Mitretek Systems
• Telvent Farradyne
• Raytheon
• Telcordia
• OmniAir
• Technocom
• PB Consulting
• Iteris
• Others

FHWA
NHTSA
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Role of State and Local Entities

• VII Needs the Cooperation of
• State Local Governments
• Definition of Local Needs
• Applications that might Use the
• Network
• Access to ROW Infrastructure
• Funding Participation?
• Initial deployment, maintenance

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ITEs Role To Date

• Executive Leadership Team
• Tom Brahms - ITE
• Input Technical and Program Direction
• Work Group
• Wayne Tanda Monterey County, CA
• Emil Wolanin Montgomery County, MD
• Subcommittees Task Force Involvement
• John Fisher, Los Angeles, CA
• David Gerard, Austin, TX
• Gary Piotrowicz, Oakland County, MI

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ITEs Role - Discussion

• Focus on applications (safety, signals,
  operations)
• Partner with USDOT on workshops
• Use members to identify implications
• (What should we do now to be ready for VII?)
• Outreach to ITE members
• Provide speakers at District/Section meetings
• Develop literature on implications/applications
• ITE Journal Council newsletter articles
• Provide additional webinars

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Agenda

• VII Concept Overview
• Applications
• Program Update

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VII Can Enable a Wide Range of Applications
Work Zone Management
Traveler Information
Weather Sensing
Intersection Collision Avoidance
for example
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Types of Applications

• Safety
• Active
• Other
• Traffic Management
• Traveler Information
• Maintenance

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Safety Enhancements

• Imagine
• How could vehicles interact with each other
  and with intersections and roads if they knew of
  hazards in real time lane departure, another
  vehicle about to run a red signal, etc?

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Mobility Management

• Imagine
• How would you manage your system if you knew
  where every vehicle in the system was in real
  time?

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Potential Applications

• Emergency Brake Warning
• Traffic Signal Violation Warning
• Stop Sign Violation Warning
• Curve Speed Warning
• In-Vehicle Signing Display
• Traveler Information
• Signal Timing Optimization
• Ramp Metering
• Pothole Detection
• Winter Maintenance
• Corridor Management Load Balancing

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Potential Applications

• Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing
• Route Assessment for Emergency Responders
• Transit Operations and Planning
• Continuous Traffic Volume Counting
• Automatic Intersection Level of Service
  Calculations (Development Impacts)
• Special Event Management

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Agenda

• VII Concept Overview
• Applications
• Program Update

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Changing Architecture Concept

• Original Concept
• All applications provided through single system
• Based on DSRC capability
• Centralized network

• New Thinking
• Utilize multiple technical capabilities for
  different objectives
• Open architecture
• Market driven deployment solutions

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Requirements Summary
Mobility
Safety
Tolling / Pricing
Primarily which road, some which lane
Typically which lane, some where in lane
Typically which road
Positioning
Privacy
Privacy, access control, integrity,
authentication, availability
Integrity and non-repudiation
Security
Short range Small messages Very low latency Very
high update Very high reliability
Range can vary Small to large msgs. Moderate
latency Low update Moderate reliability
Short-range for ETC, any for GPS Small messages
High latency Low update High reliability
Communications
Safety has the most stringent requirements
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Communications Technology Options
Mobility
Safety
Tolling / Pricing
Options
Very limited (travel time readers) Supports all
applications, best match for some
location-specific applications, e.g., signal
control Supports many applications
N/A Required for low latency, high
availability, secure safety comm. N/A
Tag-based systems Tag-based or GPS
based GPS based systems
Short range V2I comm. as currently used (e.g.,
EZ-Pass) Higher-end V2I and V2V comm. such as
DSRC at FCC-provided 5.9 GHz band Cellular,
mobile WiMax, etc.
Where multiple options exist, final deployment
will depend upon trade-offs such as relative
cost, complexity of in-vehicle equipment vs.
infrastructure, commercial acceptance, etc., and
may be a combination of technologies
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Examples of Wireless Technologies
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VII Program Structure

• Phase 1 Operational Field Test
• SafeTrip-21 Demonstration and benefits
  assessment of mobility, safety, e-payment
  applications, multi-modal applications
• Phase 2 Applied Research and Development
• Applied research and development to enable phased
  nationwide deployment
• Phase 3 Next Generation Technology Assessment
• Identify and leverage evolving technologies to
  enhance system performance and drive down costs

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Phase 1 - SafeTrip-21 Purpose and Objectives

• Draw upon VII research and accelerate it into
  real-world use
• Assess near-term possibilities that dont require
  extensive infrastructure
• Capture VII benefits through consumer devices
  (quickly, cheaply)
• Exploit existing communications technologies as
  pathways to DSRC
• Validate public acceptance and benefits of
  integrated multi-modal deployment
• Safety
• Mobility (Road / Transit Travel Information)
• Commercial vehicle operations
• Electronic Payment
• Identify environmental / energy impacts
• Provide feedback to VII program plans /
  deployment strategies

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SafeTrip-21 Components

• Information Gathering
• ITS America / industry representatives
• Transportation and transit agencies
• University Transportation Centers
• VII research groups / sites
• Request for Information
• Field Test and Evaluation
• ITS World Congress Launch
• Year-long test and evaluation
• Interim findings throughout 2009
• Summary Results - January 2010
• Business Model Assessment

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Phase 2 - Applied Research and Development

• Applied research and development activities
• Enabling technologies, safety and mobility
  applications, and institutional issues
• Key Objectives
• Assess and demonstrate capabilities of various
  technical solutions
• Identify phased roll-out strategies to support
  rapid deployment of near-term capabilities and
  enable the long term vision
• Analyze alternative business models and
  governance structures
• Develop technical and policy solutions to address
  security, privacy, liability and other
  institutional issues
• Develop key applications for the public sector
• Leverage results of operational tests and state
  and university research to improve and refine
  research and deployment approaches

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Proof of Concept (POC) Testing
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Technology Research and Testing

• Additional research anticipated in the areas of
• Architecture/Technology
• Communications
• Mapping
• Security
• Positioning
• Standards
• Enable future testing needs
• Ensure testing capabilities are available to
  support public and private interests

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Safety Applications Research

• Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance
  Systems (CICAS)
• Violation warning at traffic signal and stop sign
  controlled intersections
• Prototype development complete summer 2008
• Vehicle to Vehicle Communications
• Autonomous systems and V2V communications using
  DSRC
• Applications being examined include
• Emergency Electronic Brake Light
• Forward Collision Warning
• Intersection Movement Assist
• Blind Spot Warning Lane Change Warning
• Do-Not-Pass Warning
• Control Loss Warning
• Initial test platform to be established mid-2008
  with final project results end of 2009

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Mobility Applications Research

• Identify public sector application needs
• Mobility applications using vehicle probe data
• Traveler information
• Traffic Management
• Transit operations
• Commercial vehicle operations
• Road weather information
• Electronic payment for tolling
• Work with state, university and industry partners
  to support applications development needs

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Business Model Assessment

• Sustainable VII financing and business model to
  address
• Infrastructure installation cost and
  responsibility
• Operational authority, capability and maintenance
  responsibilities
• Governance and privacy issues
• DSRC roadside coverage needed to warrant vehicle
  equipage

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Institutional/Governance Issues

• Research and development areas
• Privacy
• Benefit-cost analysis
• Data ownership and access rights
• Network ownership and access rights
• Interoperability certification and governance
• Security governance (certificate authority and
  public key infrastructure)
• Spectrum use management
• Legal issues
• Patent infringement
• Liability analysis
• Analysis of potentially influential federal
  legislation
• Identification of potential state legal and
  regulatory hurdles

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Phase 3 Next Generation Technology Assessment

• Monitor and assess developing technology that may
  be incorporated into the VII system to enhance
  system performance, including
• Advancements in mesh networks for vehicle to
  vehicle communications
• Mobile WiMax
• 4G cellular
• Low cost inertial navigation

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More Information.

• Website www.vehicle-infrastructure.org
• Contacts
• Mike Schagrin, VII Team Lead, mike.schagrin_at_dot.go
  v
• Valerie Briggs, VII Policy Program Manager,
  valerie.briggs_at_dot.gov
• Kate Hartman, VII Applications Program Manager,
  kate.hartman_at_dot.gov
• Ellen Bell, SafeTrip-21 Project Team Lead,
  ellen.bell_at_volpe.dot.gov
• Gary Ritter, SafeTrip-21 Technical Director,
  gary.ritter_at_volpe.dot.gov