Title: Interfering Loads
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2Interfering Loads
3Himalayan FTB, Ganges Basin, Bay of Bengal
Bilham et al., 2003
4GRACE geoid
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8Geomorphology of Foreland Basins
9Tibetan Plateau
Indus-Yarlung suture zone
Himalayan thrust belt
Gangetic foreland
10Gandak
Kosi
Tista
Brahmaputra
Ganges axial trunk river
11Himalayan FTB, Ganges Basin, Bay of Bengal
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13Karnali River, western Nepal
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15STREAM- DOMINATED ALLUVIAL FAN, WESTERN NEPAL
MFT
16STREAM-DOMINATED ALLUVIAL FAN, NEPAL
17Thrust Belts Foreland Basins in the Americas
18Fluvial megafans in the central Andean foreland
basin
19Modern Central Andean Foreland Basin
Pantanal swamp
Parapetí megafan
100 km
Pilcomayo megafan
Paraná River
Bermejo megafan
20Fluvial megafans, Bolivia Argentina
Pilcomayo
Bermejo
100 km
21Modern Central Andean Foreland Basin
Foredeep
Forebulge
Pantanal swamp
Back-bulge
Parapetí megafan
Poorly drained
100 km
DUNES
Pilcomayo megafan
Paraná River
Bermejo megafan
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23Aalto et al., Nature, 2003
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25C. Chase, 2008
26Rio Paraná, Argentina
27Rio Paraná, Argentina
28General Characteristics of Foreland Basins
- Largest nonmarine (alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine)
basins on Earth - Also contain vast quantities of deltaic and
shallow marine rocks - Strongly asymmetric in geometry and regional
hydrology - Dynamically coupled to thrust belts and
contractional orogenic belts - Contain records of surface processes and
paleoclimate that span 10-100 Myr
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30Tertiary Foreland Basin System, Nepal
31Capping forebulge Oxisol, forms a stratigraphic
trap
Himalayan Foreland Basin System
Eocene organic-rich black shale, deposited in
back-bulge depozone
32Top-Bhainskati Fm. Oxisol
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35Siwalik Foredeep Facies
Channel deposits
Paleosol
Splay
36Middle Siwaliks
Upper Siwaliks
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38DUMRI
AMILE
MID-SIWALIKS
39Dickinsons provenance fields
Q
- Continental block
- Magmatic arc
- Recycled orogen
RO
CB
MA
F
L
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41Miocene GH source
U-Pb ages of detrital Zircons in Late
CretaceousMiocene sedimentary rocks of Nepal
Eocene Tethyan source
Cretaceous-Paleocene Indian craton source
42Foreland basin deposits Nd Isotopic Data
MCT slip?
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