GE WIND

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GE WIND 1.5 MW
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Wind Turbines Continue to GrowLargerTallerMore
Productive
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World Wide Growth
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Plan Now for Coming yet Larger WTGs
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A Typical Large Turbine has Multiple Subsystems
and Controls
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Cost of Energy Trend
1979 40 cents/kWh
2000 4 - 6 cents/kWh

• Increased Turbine Size
• RD Advances
• Manufacturing Improvements

NSP 107 MW Lake Benton wind farm 4 cents/kWh
(unsubsidized)
2004 3 - 5 cents/kWh
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Motivation for Low Wind Speed Technology RD

• Current Situation
• Wind viable at higherwind speed sites(Class 6
  avg. 15 mph _at_ 10m)
• Limited high wind sites
• Subsidies important
• New Focus Needed
• Shift to future industry needs
• Broaden range of competitive opportunities
• Eliminate the need for subsidies

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Acquiring Wind Least-Cost Size Matters
Assuming the same wind speed of 8.08 M/S, a large
wind farm is more economical
Source AWEA
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The NIMBY EquationWhats in it for me

• Perceived Project Benefits
• Perceived Project Detriment

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• Perceived Detriments
• Visual Impacts
• Noise
• Health and Public Safety
• Environmental
• Neighborhood Character

• Perceived Benefits
• Reduced Electric Bills
• Jobs
• Community Pride (Sustainability)
• Environmental
• Educational Curriculum Benefit

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Getting a Building permitYou want to put up a
what?

• Obtaining a Building Permit depends on local,
  county, state and federal regulations. Some,
  all, or none of the following may apply
• Town or county zoning regulations
• State coastal regulations
• Within the coastal zone
• State Dept. of Environmental Management
  regulations
• Wetlands, or landfills
• Wildlife Areas
• Local Historic District regulations
• State historic or cultural resource commissions
• Designated historic area
• Areas with archeological significance
• Designated viewshed area
• Federal Land or National Historic Register
  designation
• State building and electrical codes

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California Distributed Generation (DG) Wind

• Pros
• Most Economical Renewable Technology
• Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)
• Incentive of 1,500 per kW (I MW maximum)
• Total Project Size Increased to 5 MW
• Net Metering Law (1 MW)
• High Electric Rates
• Progressive State
• Desert Heating Effect Turbine Power Coincides
  with Peak
• Cons
• Limited Number of Large Loads in Windy Locations
• Only 2 Utility-Scale DG Wind Turbines installed
  to date.
• Incentive Funds Administered by Utilities.
  Conflict of Interest.
• Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) or Green Tags
  not yet actively traded. RECs monetize
  Environmental Benefits.

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Simplifying Wind Resource Assessments
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Wind Resource Assessment Tools Becoming More
Sophisticated
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Energy Usage vs Turbine Production
The environmental equivalent of Taking 90 cars
off the road Or Planting 1,900 trees
2005 Plant Energy Usage (3,044,784
kWh/Yr) Average of 347 kW / 465 HP
66 of Electricity provided by turbine
Predicted Turbine Production (2,000,000
kWh/Yr) Average of 217 kW / 290 HP
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Desert Heating Effect
Benefits of Peak System Summer Load Reduction
from Wind Turbine will go to Ratepayers Utility
NOT Elementis Specialties.
Accounting (15 minute monthly basis) treatment
in utility tariff does not reflect the underling
reality (economics/statistics).
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San Diego County Could Provide Sites For Solar
Wind Power Parks, Where Environmental Assessment,
Permits, Power Lines Water are Pre-arranged
For All Solar Power Plant Developers
Solar Power Park
Solar Power Park
Solar Power Park
Geo- thermal
Wind Power Park
Roof Top Industrial PV
Solar Power Park
Solar Power Park
Wind Power Park
Wind Power Park
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The Iowa Stored Energy Plant (ISEP)
3 Proven Technologies 1. Renewable wind energy 2.
Aquifer storage of gas 3. Combustion turbine
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CAES drive train (Dresser Rand)

• Motor/
• Generator and Combustion Turbine
• ---------
• Motor/Generator and Compressor Train ?

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The Alabama CAES plant
Alabama Electric Cooperative McIntosh Power
Plant Aerial View
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Operation During Energy Storage or Compression
Phase Wind Generation Used to Compress Air No
Extra Grid Power Used
Local Wind Farm
Power Flow
50 MW
CAES Power Plant
0 MW
Electric Power Substation at CAES Power Plant
50 MW
Air Flow
Underground Aquifer Compressed Air Storage
TAW 7/18/2002
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San Diego Wind Resource
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• Wind Harvest
• Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
• George Wagner [phone]

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Maintaining Turbine Performance Artificial Rain
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Sky WindPower Dave Shepard - 619 265-3434
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Recycled Energy
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In 2004 this plant generated more clean power
than we estimate was produced by all of the solar
collectors throughout the world
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Recycled Energy

• What is Recycled Energy?
• Distributed Generation
• Recovering heat or pressure energy from a process
• Proven Technology. 9,900 megawatts in operation
  in US. Equivalent of 10 large nuclear plants.
  This is 10 of the potential predicted by the EPA
• Recycling waste energy could have produced about
  20 of the US electricity in 2003. This would
  have displaced about 25 of the fuel that was
  used to generate electricity
• WHY ARE WE NOT DOING THIS?

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• Conventional central generation plants dump 2/3
  of their energy into lakes, rivers and cooling
  towers while factories and commercial facilities
  burn more fuel to produce the heat just thrown
  away.

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How did we get here?

• Unquestioned belief that central generation is
  optimal
• Protected from competition and rewarded by
  obsolete rules the power industry continues to
  ignore opportunities to recycle energy.
• The power industry consistently made sub-optimal
  choices over the past three decades.
• WHAT CAN BE DONE?

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• The best electric-only technology now converts
  more than 50 percent of the fuel to power, but
  the industrys average efficiency has not
  improved in forty-three years. No other industry
  wastes two-thirds of its raw material no other
  industry has stagnant efficiency no other
  industry gets less productivity per unit output
  in 2004 than it did in 1904.

Source Tom Casten Critical Thinking About
Energy
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Regulated Monopoly Utilities
Source Tom Casten Critical Thinking About
Energy
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Regulated Monopoly Utilities
Monopoly Efficiency Gap
Source Tom Casten Critical Thinking About
Energy
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• 5,242 generation plants were evaluated to compare
  plants built under monopoly protection vs
  Independent Power Producers to determine if
  optimal decisions had been made.

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Central Generation vs Distributed
GenerationRegulated Monopoly vs Private Sector
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Recommended Actions

• Comprehensive Reform ERRATA (Energy
  Regulatory Reform and Tax Act)
• National Fossil Fuel Efficiency Standard
• Give an allowance for incremental fossil fuel.
  Start with national average from last year
• Force all generators to purchase adequate
  allowances of shut them down.
• Reduce the fossil fuel allowances each year.

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Conclusion of Tom Casten and Brennan Downes Study

• The Distributed Generation Case saves 5 Trillion
  of capital investment
• Reduces power cost by 40
• Cuts greenhouse gas emissions in half.

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Do we need Mandatory Requirements from the
Government?

• Should government pass standards to make
  buildings earthquake-proof or should we just
  assume that the market will build them for the
  next earthquake

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Obstacles to Change

• Entrenchment of the Utility Regulatory Complex
• Lack of understanding of the issues. This can
  seem overly complex but it is Economics 101
• Fringe Elements of the Environmental Movement
  with the Following Traits
• Purists with Extreme/Inflexible Views
• Anti-globalists, Anti-capitalists.
• You get what you reward!

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• The best electric-only technology now converts
  more than 50 percent of the fuel to power, but
  the industrys average efficiency has not
  improved in forty-three years. No other industry
  wastes two-thirds of its raw material no other
  industry has stagnant efficiency no other
  industry gets less productivity per unit output
  in 2004 than it did in 1904.

Source Tom Casten Critical Thinking About
Energy
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Regulated Monopoly Utilities
Monopoly Efficiency Gap
Source Tom Casten Critical Thinking About
Energy