RFID Applications

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RFID Applications

• Vlad Krotov
• DISC 4397
• University of Houston
• Bauer College of Business
• Summer 2008

Source Finkenzeller, 2003
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Principles of Profitable RFID Use

• Bar codes are unfeasible
• Example rail cars
• Damage
• Speed
• Counting Processes
• Greater speed
• Saves manual labor

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Principles of Profitable RFID Use

• Personal responsibility doesn't match the
  enterprise value of data collection
• Example a big retailer working with a small
  supplier
• The data collection process is relatively chaotic
• Example Battlefield
• Making libraries chaotic

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Principles of Profitable RFID Use

• The exact configuration of goods must be
  maintained
• Data must be collected from consumers outside of
  the retail
• Warning Privacy Concerns

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Sustaining and Disruptive Technologies
(Christensen, 2002)

• Sustaining Technologies they improve the
  performance of established products along the
  dimensions of performance that mainstream markets
  have historically valued
• Disruptive Technologies Disruptive technologies
  bring to market a value proposition that has not
  been available previously. Generally, disruptive
  technologies underperform established products.

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The Impact of Sustaining and Disruptive
Technological Change (Christensen, 2002)
Progress due to sustaining technologies
Performance demanded at the high-end market
Product Performance
Progress due to sustaining technologies
Performance demanded at the low-end market
Disruptive Technological Innovation
Time
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Contactless Smart CardsTypes Applications

• Types
• Close coupling (touch)
• Remote coupling (gt1m)
• Vicinity coupled (lt1m)
• Applications
• Payment systems
• Passes

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Public Transportation

• Public transportation usually operates at loss,
  usually 40 of the turnover
• High ticket selling costs (16 of ticket price)
• In-vehicle equipment drivers time
• Paper tickets are thrown away
• Fare-dodgers

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Public TransportationComparison of Ticketing
Technologies
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Public TransportationBenefits for Passengers

• No cash necessary
• Smart cards remain valid when fares change
• No need to know the precise fare
• Monthly tickets can begin on any day of the month

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Public TransportationBenefits for the Driver

• Passes are no longer sold less distraction
• No cash in vehicle
• Automatic sales calculation

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Public TransportationBenefits for the Transport
Company

• Reduction in operating and maintenance costs
• Easy to change fares
• Less fare dodgers

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Public TransportationBenefits for Transport
Association

• Calculating performance of individual partners
• Other statistics

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Public TransportationBenefits for the City

• Less subsidies due to cost reduction
• Better use of public transport due to greater
  customer service

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E-Plates

• Vehicle Identification

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Airplane Ticketing

• Self-service
• Faster transactions

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Ski Tickets

• Advantages
• No need to check tickets
• No need to present tickets

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Ski Tickets
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Access Control

• Online Systems
• Many people have access to a particular premise
  (e.g. central entrance)
• Offline Systems
• Only a few people have access
• Transponders are programmed at programming
  stations
• Transponders can take different form

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Access Control
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Container Identification

• Container identification has been standardized
  (ISO) since the end of 1960s
• 7 million containers use the identification code
• 30 of containers have been misidentified

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Animal Identification
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Animal Identification

• Electronic identification systems have been used
  in stock keeping for almost 20 years in Europe.
• In addition to internal applications for
  automatic feeding and calculating productivity,
  these systems can also be used in inter-company
  identification, for the control of epidemics and
  quality assurance and for tracing the origin of
  animals.
• The required unified data transmission and coding
  procedures are provided by the 1996 ISO standards
  11784 and 11785
• The specified frequency is 134.2 kHz,

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Animal Identification
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Animal Identification
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Injectible Transponders

• Types of injection devices
• Single-shot devices
• Multi-shot devices
• The injection does not hurt the animal
• Can be carried out by any trained employee

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Injectible Transponders

• Injectible transponders may travel in the body,
  which can lead to problems with reading the
  transponders
• There were studies to determine the best place to
  inject a tag
• The best place to inject a tag under the scutulum

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Injectible Transponders
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Bolus Transponders

• The bolus is a transponder mounted in an acid
  resistant, cylindrical housing, usually made of
  ceramic materials
• The bolus is deposited in rumen

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Carrier Pigeon Races
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Sports Timing
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Immobilisation Systems

• Functionality
• Individual Serial Number
• Rolling code procedure
• Cryptographic procedure

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Immobilisation Systems
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Container Identification
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Container Identification

• Gas and chemicals are transported in special
  containers
• Selecting the wrong bottle during refilling can
  have fatal consequences
• Currently, barcodes are heavily used

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Container Identification

• Rewritable tags can improve tracking of
  containers
• Inductively coupled transponders operating in the
  frequency range lt135 kHz are used
• The transponder coil is housed in a ferrite shell
  to shield it from the metal surface
• The transponders are usually designed for an
  extended temperature range from -40 ?C to 120
  ?C their height is just 3 mm.
• These transponders must also be resistant to
  damp, impact, vibrations, dirt, radiation and
  acids