ThirdWorld Feminism

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?? Third-World Feminism/????????

• Third-world feminism has been described as a
  group of feminist theories developed by feminists
  who acquired their views and took part in
  feminist politics in so-called third-world
  countries. Although women from the third world
  have been engaged in the feminist movement,
  Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Sarojini Sahoo
  criticize Western feminism on the grounds that it
  is ethnocentric and does not take into account
  the unique experiences of women from third-world
  countries or the existence of feminisms
  indigenous to third-world countries.

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?? Ecofeminism/??????

• Ecofeminism links ecology with feminism.
  Ecofeminists see the domination of women as
  stemming from the same ideologies that bring
  about the domination of the environment.
• As a way of repairing social and ecological
  injustices, ecofeminists feel that women must
  work towards creating a healthy environment and
  ending the destruction of the lands that most
  women rely on to provide for their families.

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??Can The Subaltern Speak?/?????????

• The origin
• Ranajit Guha and Spivak edited a book called
  Selected Subaltern Studies in 1988.
• In this book, Spivaks break grounding article of
  postcolonialism Subaltern Studies
  Deconstructing Historiography is one of the
  sections in this book. This article Can the
  Subaltern Speak? is based on a lecture in 1983.

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??Can The Subaltern Speak?/?????????

• She defines her project as fourfold
• 1) Problematize the Western subject and see how
  it is still operational in poststructuralist
  theory (Foucault Deleuze)
• 2) Re-read Marx to find a more radical
  decentering of the subject that also more leaves
  room for the formation of class identifications
  that are non-essentialist
• 3) Argue that Western intellectual production
  reinforces the logic of Western economic
  expansion
• 4) Perform a close reading of sati to analyze the
  discourses of the West and the possibilities for
  speech that the subaltern woman has (or does not
  have) within that framework.

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??Can The Subaltern Speak?/?????????

• Spivak??????,??????????,??????????????,???????????
  ??????????,???????????Subaltern????,??????????,???
  ????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,???????????(???????????????)?????????????
  ???????????

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rn-speak_16.html
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??Can The Subaltern Speak?/?????????

• ???????????????????????,????????????????????????,?
  ???Sati,???????,????????,??????,??,???????????????
  ??,????????????,???????????????,???,??????????????
  ???????????

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rn-speak_16.html
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??Can The Subaltern Speak?/?????????

• Stop and Ponder ???????????(agency)??????????????
  ???????????(???????????)???????

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?????????????

• Pakistan is an Islamic state, where people, not
  only take pride in strictly adhering to the
  Islamic values but are ready to sacrifice their
  loved belongings for the glory and sanctity of
  Islam. Islam has accorded a highly venerated
  social position to women. Islam acknowledges the
  rights and privileges of the women in society.
  Likewise, Islam does not impose any restrictions
  that may hamper the social growth and development
  of the woman. A woman is equally important member
  of society. The woman plays a vital role in
  building the society on healthier and stronger
  foundations.

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?????????????

• Womens rights in Pakistan is a big question
  often raised in the West. It is believed that
  women has no rights or privileges in the male
  dominated society of Pakistan.
• For instance, due to pardha system, most of women
  (particularly of low education) have to take up
  work at home. They involve themselves in
  knitting, dressmaking, embroidery, etc.
• Pakistan is the first country in the Muslim world
  that has elected a woman as its prime minister
  twice.

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