Neuroanatomy

1
Neuroanatomy

• Directions
• Development
• CNS
• Protection
• Blood supply
• Crossed brain

2
Directions

• Dorsal
• Ventral
• Rostral
• Caudal

Dorsal
Caudal
Rostral
Ventral
3
Directions

• Lateral
• Medial

Lateral
Medial
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Directions
Horizontal
Coronal
Sagittal
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Development

• Day 18 neural plate

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Development

• Day 18 neural plate
• Day 21 neural groove

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Development

• Day 18 neural plate
• Day 21 neural groove
• Day 22 neural tube

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Development

• Day 18 neural plate
• Day 21 neural groove
• Day 22 neural tube
• Day 24 closed neural tube

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Development

• Telencephalon
• Cerebral cortex
• Limbic system
• Basal ganglia

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Development

• Diencephalon
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus

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Development

• Mesencephalon
• Tectum
• Tegmentum

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Development

• Metencephalon
• Cerebellum
• Pons

13
Development

• Myelencephalon
• Medulla oblongata
• Spinal cord

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Development

• Telencephalon
• Diencephalon
• Mesencephalon
• Metencephalon
• Myelencephalon
• Spinal cord

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex
• Short connections

21
Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex
• Medium connections

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Telencephalon

• Cerebral cortex
• Long connections

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Telencephalon

• Limbic system

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Telencephalon

• Basal ganglia

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Diencephalon

• Thalamus
• Relay center

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Diencephalon

• Hypothalamus
• Homeostatic
• Endocrine
• Autonomic
• Limbic

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Mesencephalon

• Tectum
• Superior colliculi
• Inferior colliculi

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Mesencephalon

• Tegmentum
• Periaqueductal gray matter
• Substantia nigra

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Metencephalon

• Cerebellum
• Pons

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Myelencephalon

• Medulla oblongata

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Spinal cord

• Segments
• Cervical 8
• Thoracic 12
• Lumbar 5
• Sacral 5
• Coccygeal 1
• Cauda equina
• Dermatomes

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Spinal cord

• Dorsal roots sensory
• Ventral roots motor

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Cranial nerves

• Sensory
• CN 1 Olfactory

CN 1
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Cranial nerves

• Sensory
• CN 1 Olfactory
• CN 2 Optic
• CN 8 Auditory/ Vestibular

CN 2
CN 8
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Cranial nerves

• Motor
• CN 3 eye movement
• CN 4 eye movement
• CN 6 eye movement
• CN 11 Spinal accessory-neck muscles
• CN 12 Hypoglossal-tongue muscles

CN 3
CN 4
CN 6
CN 12
CN 11
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Cranial nerves

• Mixed
• CN 5 Trigeminal
• Facial sensation
• Chewing
• CN 7 Facial
• Facial sensation
• Facial muscles
• CN 9 Glossopharyngeal
• Tongue / pharynx sensation
• Tongue / pharynx motor
• CN 10 Vagus
• Viscera
• Heart rate
• Larynx movement

CN 5
CN 7
CN 9
CN 10
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Blood supply

• Aorta
• Carotid
• Vertebral
• Circle of Willis

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Blood supply

• Anterior cerebral artery
• Posterior cerebral artery

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Blood supply

• Middle cerebral artery

40
Blood supply

• Middle cerebral artery

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Protection

• Skull
• Meninges

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Protection

• Ventricular system
• Lateral ventricles
• Third ventricle
• Fourth ventricle
• Cerebral aqueduct

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Crossed brain

• Decussations
• Sensory
• motor