Ayatollah Khomeini continued The Triumph of Capitalism

1
Ayatollah Khomeini (continued)/ The Triumph of
Capitalism?

• History 106
• May 27

2
Reminder

• Readings for this week (Week 9) Bentley and
  Ziegler, first part of chapter 40 (pp.1131-1143)
  Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address (1981)
  quotations of Deng Xiaoping Margaret Thatcher
  quotation. Continue reading either Dumb Luck or
  Jasmine.
• Study guides for Jasmine and for Dumb Luck now on
  line.
• Final exam is scheduled for Wednesday, June 10,
  1015-1215. Ill have the instructions and essay
  question handout available by June 1.

3
Some Websites of Interest

• The Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom
• The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and
  Library
• Remember Chile Human Rights Abuses under the
  Military Dictatorship
• The Crimes of PinochetChileYouTube video, 18
  min.
• PBS series on The Commanding Heights, on the rise
  of free market policies in the 1980s and 90s.
• Website on 1999 Battle of Seattleanti World
  Trade Organization demonstrations
• The WTO History Project

4
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the Iranian
Islamic Revolution (Continued from May 22)

• Part One

5
Khomeinis Return February 1979

• Khomeini returned to Iran after the Shah had fled
  the Islamic Revolution.
• The Shah had named a provisional government, but
  Khomeini rejected it "I shall kick their teeth
  in. I appoint the government. I appoint the
  government by support of this nation."

6
The Islamic Revolution 1979

• Modern organizing of an anti-modern revolution
• From tyranny to chaos
• Embassy Hostage Crisis
• At Right American Plane after Failed Rescue
  Effort
• Outbreak of Iran-Iraq War Sept. 1980
• YouTube clip on Islamic Revolution6 min, 30 sec

7
Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988

• This deadly war eventually became, like World War
  I, a war of attrition with armies facing each
  other across battlefields fighting for small
  areas in between.
• Both sides resorted to brutal tactics, but Iraq
  almost surely employed gas warfare, a crime in
  international law.
• At right, Iranians fight off an Iraqi tank
  attack.
• The US at first tended to side with Iraq. In the
  mid-1980s, however, the Reagan Administration
  made secret overtures to Iranthe so-called
  Iran-Contra affair.

8
Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran

• Popular Rule or Allahs Rule?
• Islam or Nationalism?
• Pragmatism or Extremism?

9
Iranian Leadership after Khomeini

• Ayatollah Khomeini died in 1989
• Iran as a semi-democratic republic
• Iran as a nearly-failed state
• Iran, the Arab World, Israel and the United States

Above Supreme Leader Ali Khameini
Below President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad
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The Triumph of Capitalism?

• Part Two

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The End of History??

• This 1992 bestseller proclaimed that democratic
  capitalism was the logical destination of
  historical change.
• What would Fukuyama be likely to say in 2009?

Calvin Hobbes on the end of history
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The 1970s The End of the Post-War Boom

• Stagflation in the First World of developed
  capitalist nations
• Stagnation and decay in the Second World of
  Soviet-style Communism
• Third World growth slows or reverses

13
The Advanced Capitalist World Capitalism as a
New Idea?

• The Decline of Keynesian Optimism
• The Rise of Free Market Conservatism
• Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek
• Social conservatism and economic conservatism

14
The Failing of Central Planning

• In the Communist world, the weaknesses of central
  economic planning became more visible
• Solidarity Movement in Poland, Goulash
  Communism in Hungary
• USSR as Weakening Empire

At right Lech Walesa, Solidarity leader,
addresses Polish shipyard strikers, 1980.
15
Capitalism and the Third World

• By the 1980s, almost all the former colonies were
  independent states.
• Giant development projectshuge dams, steel
  plants, forest clearing, new model citiesfunded
  by First World loans leads to third world debt
  crisis
• Dependency theory under fire
• At right Chinas Three Gorges Dam, the largest
  dam project in the world and the cause of major
  environmental and sociological controversy.

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Margaret Thatcher and Thatcherism

• From grocers daughter to Great Britains Prime
  Minister
• YouTube Thatcher 1975 speech, 1 min 9 sec
• I owe nothing to Womens Lib
• There is no such thing as society there are
  individual men and women, and there are families.
  
• Revival of British conservatism
• Undoing public ownership
• Reversing the British welfare state

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Ronald Reagan and Reaganomics

• Jimmy Carter and the Airline industryReaganism
  before Reagan
• Reagan and the Sunbelt Strategy
• "The most frightening words in the English
  language are, 'I'm from the government and I am
  here to help.'Ronald Reagan
• Supply-side Economics and Starving the Beast
• Conservative activist Grover Norquist Our goal
  is to shrink government to the size where we can
  drown it in a bathtub.

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Zapping the Labor Movement USA and Britain

• In 1981, Air Traffic Controllers in the United
  States went out on strike
• Courts ruled the strike was illegal
• President Reagans response was not to negotiate
  and to fire the controllers.

Police attack miners at Battle of Orgreave,
England, 1984. Militant coal miners lost their
long strike.
19
Free Markets and (or) Democracy

• Chilean Socialism under Salvador Allende
• Military coup with CIA backing, September 11,
  1973
• Gen. Augusto Pinochets dictatorship 1973-1990
• The Chicago Boys and extreme capitalism
• Shock treatmentwage cuts, privatizing
  pensions, selling off government-owned
  businesses, opening to foreign investment

In the 1973 coup, as many as 40,000 were herded
into the National Stadium. Many were
interrogated, some tortured and a small number
executed there. Pinochets dictatorship is
responsible for about 3000 murders.
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Capitalism, Globalization and Revolt

• International agencies, in particular the
  International Monetary Fund and World Bank, push
  policies of the Washington Consensus
• Seattle WTO Demonstrations 1999 Protests against
  unrestrained global capitalism
• At right, Seattle demonstrators against the
  impact of free trade on sea turtles